1991 Bjeorg Conflict: Difference between revisions

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| date        = July 18, 1991-
| date        = July 18, 1991 - January 13, 1992
| place      = [[Bjeorg|Province of Bjeorg]], [[Libertas Omnium Maximus]]
| place      = [[Bjeorg|Province of Bjeorg]], [[Libertas Omnium Maximus]]
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| result      =Conditional victory for federal forces
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| combatants_header =
| combatants_header =
| combatant1  = '''Federal Supporters'''
| combatant1  = '''Federal Supporters'''
*[[Libertas Omnium Maximus]]
 
*[[Zamastan]]
* {{flag|Libertas Omnium Maximus}}
 
* {{flag|Zamastan}}
 
| combatant2  = '''Rebel Supporters'''
| combatant2  = '''Rebel Supporters'''
*[[Bjeorg|Bjeorg Revolutionaries]]
 
*[[Xiomera]]
* {{flagicon|Bjeorg}} [[Bjeorg|Bjeorg Rebels]]
*[[Eiria]]
* {{flag|Xiomera}}
*[[Lauchenoiria]]
* {{flag|Eiria}}
* {{flag|Lauchenoiria}}
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| commander1  =  
| commander1  =  
Libertas Omnium Maximus
'''Maximusian'''
*[[Jean Paterson]]
* {{flagicon|Libertas Omnium Maximus}} [[Jean Paterson]]
Zamastan
* {{flagicon|Libertas Omnium Maximus}} Peter Wallace
*[[Cassious Castovia]]
'''Allied'''
* {{flagicon|Zamastan}} [[Cassious Castovia]]
* {{flagicon|Zamastan}} [[Jarris Tavoka]]
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| commander2  =  
Bjeorg
 
*[[Brian Smith]]
'''Bjeorgite'''
Eiria
* {{flagicon|Bjeorg}} [[Brian Smith]]
*[[Chancellor of Eiria|Chancellor]] [[Cera Balodis]]
* {{flagicon|Bjeorg}} [[Mark Ianson]]
'''Allied'''
* {{flagicon|Eiria}} [[Chancellor of Eiria|Chancellor]] [[Cera Balodis]]
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The '''1991 Bjeorg Conflict''', at the time known as the '''Bjeorg Revolution''' or the '''Bjeorg Uprising''' was a military conflict in the province of [[Bjeorg]], prompted when Governor [[Brian Smith]] declared secession from the nation of [[Libertas Omnium Maximus]]. [[President of Libertas Omnium Maximus|President]] [[Jean Paterson]]’s reluctance to begin a military campaign was quelled when [[President of Zamastan|President]] [[Cassious Castovia]] convinced her to allow [[Zamastan|Zamastanian]] forces to help quash the rebellion. The fighting officially began after a Zamastanian fighter jet was shot down over the [[Straight of St. Peter]]. Several nations participated in the conflict in some way, including [[Xiomera]], [[Eiria]], [[Lauchenoiria]], and [[Kerlile]].  
The '''1991 Bjeorg Conflict''', alternatively known by many names including the '''Crisis in Bjeorg''', '''Bjeorg Revolution''', and the '''Bjeorg Uprising''', was a period of civil unrest and military conflict in [[Bjeorg]], then a [[Provinces of Libertas Omnium Maximus|province]] of [[Libertas Omnium Maximus]], prompted by calls for secession from a number of prominent Bjeorgite political figures and organizations. Then Governor of Bjeorg, [[Brian Smith]], officially declared the province's secession from [[Libertas Omnium Maximus]] on July 18, 1991, prompted by a [[1990 Bjeorg independence referendum|rejected independence referendum]] the prior year. The declaration of secession, naturally, was immediately condemned as an illegal political action by [[President of Libertas Omnium Maximus|Maximusian President]] [[Jean Paterson]], though she remained initially hesitant to commit Maximusian troops to securing the Bjeorg isle. The conflict quickly escalated out of proportion, however, when a Zamastanian strategic fighter jet was shot down by Bjeorgite partisans over the [[Strait of Saint Peter]], leading to a Zamastanian declaration of war against the fledgling Bjeorg provisional state. A number of neighboring states looking to dislodge the neoliberal Maximusian Republic's regional influence backed Bjeorg, outfitting the partisans with naval and logistical support. Xiomeran mercenaries were also hired to assist Bjeorgite partisans. Eventually, Maximusian and Zamastanian forces secured the isle, largely due to tremendous infighting within the Bjeorg rebel line, but at tremendous political cost. In 1992, the Portland Accords were ratified, returning Bjeorg to Maximusian control, but granting the republic levels of autonomy significantly exceeding that of federal provinces.  
 
==Instigating Events==
At the time of the onset of conflict, the [[Bjeorg Province|Province of Bjeorg]] had a population of around 3 million. The province comprised all of Bjeorg isle, a large island tens of kilometers off the west coast of mainland Libertas Omnium Maximus and separated by the Strait of Saint Peter. The island was connected to the mainland by three main junctions, the ''Ilien Tunnel'', an automobile tunnel running beneath the strait, and two cable-stayed suspension bridges, both designed for mixed cargo and passenger rail use. At the time, the Bjeorg economy was small, chiefly agrarian, developing slowly, and was culturally distinct from the rest of the nation. These and many additional factors had long since generated animosity between Bjeorg and the broader Maximusian Republic, but tensions came to a head in the late 1980s.


==Prelude==
=== Seeds of Secession ===
The province of Bjeorg is situated on an island west of mainland Libertas Omnium Maximus, separated by the Straight of St. Peter. The island connected to the mainland at several constructed points, such as the [[Ilien Tunnel]] and at least two suspension cable bridges. The economy of Bjeorg was not as prosporous per capita as the rest of the nation, and their culture was separate from the mainland as well. The culmination of this and many additional factors had been creating a divide between the two entities for decades, and minor independence movements were present years before the 1991 uprising.
In 1990, a nonbinding [[1990 Bjeorg independence referendum|referendum]] was added to the Bjeorg gubernatorial election ballot polling Bjeorgite voters on whether or not they would support Bjeorg seceding from the Maximusian Republic. A majority of voters did voice support for the cause, but most assumed the ballot measure was a political stunt which Bjeorgite representatives to the [[Maximusian Senate]] would use to push for legislation more favorable to rural interests. In months following the referendum, a test case was tried before the Maximusian High Court. The court declared that secession was not a right provinces maintained and, as such, the referendum measure was deemed illegitimate and invalid.
===Seeds of Secession===
On June 10th, a regional politician named James Wilson was arrested at the Bjeorg Province Administrative Building following a speech declaring encouragement for violent resistance following the denial of an independence appeal by the Bjeorg Provincial Government. His speech was captured as one of the rallying cries for what would eventually become the rebel movement:


“Ladies and Gentlemen, it is my severe displeasure to bring you the following news regarding the province of Bjeorg’s recent appeal to the Maximusian Government. We were regrettably denied our appeal. Our appeal to have an autonomous state of Bjeorg. It was rejected by the Supreme Court. There is no Republic of Bjeorg. If we cannot have an independent Bjeorg then who are we? Who are we? We are nothing. Libertas Omnium Maximus has been systematically stripping us of our rights. They hide their intentions behind a wall of words like “for the greater good” and “that which will help the most people." What about us? Do we matter. We are not being helped by any recent government policies yet we are forced the pick up the tap, mostly. That isn’t fair! If we can’t have our independence the legal way, we can have it by force. We don’t have the capital, politically, to get our independence. We are trapped in a cycle. The government has treated us unfairly with the knowledge that we can do nothing about it. We ask for relief. Let us leave the Republic of Libertas Omnium Maximus. All will be well. But no! No! We don’t have the power to do that! We are trapped. Force is the only option as I see it. I wish it hadn’t come to this, but it has. I love you Bjeorg. You shall be free!”  
On June 10th, 1990, a regional politician named James Wilson was arrested at the Bjeorg Provincial Assembly Building following an impassioned speech encouraging violent resistance to federal authority shortly after the High Court ruling was delivered. His speech and subsequent imprisonment was captured as one of the rallying cries for what would eventually become the Bjeorg rebel movement.
 
{{Quote|author=James Wilson|text="Bjeorg’s recent appeal to the Maximusian government has been denied. Our yearning for freedom and independence has been crushed under the tyrannical boot of a rigged judicial system. [...] Our federal government has been systematically stripping us of our rights, all the while force feeding us lies that these actions are for the greater good. What of us? Do we not matter? [...] If we cannot have our independence playing their games, we must stop playing. A display of force is our only option. I love Bjeorg. We love Bjeorg; we will set her free!”}}


===Assassinations===
===Assassinations===
On June 16th, [[Aurora Novo Militum]] fighters began plotting to kill prominent members of Maximusian authority in what were supposedly meant to be planned statements to begin an ultimatum to the Maximusian government for independence.
Throughout late June of 1991, [[Aurora Novo Militum]] (ANM), a paramilitary organization devoted to Bjeorg independence, began carrying out clandestine terrorist attacks against Maximusian institutions and specific individuals they viewed as opponents to Bjeorgite secession. On July 8, 1991, Melissa Thornton, a federal prosecutor dispatched to investigate ANM, was killed when agents, likely affiliated with ANM (though the attack was never claimed), detonated an improvised explosive device under the runway of the Château sur les Rochers Airport, destroying a taxiing aircraft Mrs. Thornton was travelling in.


On July 8th, 1991, Melissa Thornton, a prominent District attorney, was killed when a bomb exploded aboard her private jet shortly after takeoff at Château sur les Rochers Airport.
===Involvement of Xiomeran Mercenaries===
As a number of independent, uncoordinated Bjeorgite militia and revolutionary groups began organizing in the early summer of 1991, they found themselves wildly outgunned, even just compared to the small number of [[Maximusian Army|Maximusian troops]] stationed on military bases throughout the isle. Several of these groups vigorously sought help from nations friendly to the black market trade of weapons and ammunition in rectifying the dearth of firepower. One of the key proponents for supplying the rebel forces before the beginning of the conflict were mercenaries operating out of [[Xiomera]]. According to documents recovered by the the Zamastanian [[Zamastanian Intelligence Service|intelligence service]], several cargo ships owned by Xiomeran companies knowingly smuggled heavy arms and artillery into Bjeorg in weeks leading up to open conflict, often under the cover of night. Even after the establishment of a Zamastanian [[Zamastanian Naval Forces|naval blockade]] in July of 1991, many Xiomeran commercial freighters were able to run the blockade and continue outfitting Bjeorgite partisans.


===Xiomeran Weapons Smuggling===
Hardware smuggled by the Xiomerans into Bjeorg may have exceeded twenty tanks, dozens of armored personnel carriers, hundreds of artillery pieces and anti-aircraft guns, a hundred surface-to-air missile launchers, 16 helicopters, and around $50 million in ammunition. During the conflict, around 50 Xiomeran mercenary officers and 1500 ground soldiers were directly deployed to Bjeorg. Mercenary officers also provided substantive combat training for Bjeorg militias and locals who joined the fight, many of whom had never held a rifle before in their life.
The Bjeorg militias and revolutionaries were relatively unarmed before the uprising began, and they vigorously sought help from nations friendly to the black market trade of weapons and ammunition. One of the key proponents for supplying the rebel forces before the beginning of the conflict was the Empire of [[Xiomera]]. According to documents from the [[Zamastanian Intelligence Service|Zamastanian Intelligence Service (Z.I.S.)]], Xiomeran cargo ships transported supplies hidden away in their manifestos, and then delivered them to the Bjeorg coast on small skiffs and speed boats under the cover of night. Even during the blockade by the [[Zamastanian Naval Forces]], they were able to continue smuggling significant amounts. Some of the hardware donated by the Xiomeran included 20 tanks, 100 APCs, 700 artillery guns, over 500 anti-aircraft guns, 128 surface-to-air missile launchers, and 16 helicopters. During the war, the Xiomerans sent Bjeorg monthly arms shipments worth Z$50 million. Fighting in Bjeorg was observed by some 50 officers and generals, as well as more than 1,500 soldiers and mercenaries of the [[Xiomeran Armed Forces]]. They also provided substantive training operations for Bjeorg militias and locals who joined the fight.  


==Declaration of Independence==
==Declaration of Independence==
On July 18th, Governor [[Brian Smith]] stood at the Bjeorg Province Administrative Building in front of a crowd and declared in a speech his intention of secession from the mainland Maximusian government:
On July 18th, Governor [[Brian Smith]], who had forged a tenuous alliance with ANM to lead the uprising, addressed a large crowd before the Provincial Administration Building and declared the province's secession from the Maximusian federation. His speech echoed the sentiments of Wilson, and Smith vowed to defend the province's independence at all costs, even if this meant shedding Maximusian and Bjeorgite blood. Following the speech, a Bjeorg militia group detonated explosives on both cable-stayed bridge connections to the mainland. Following the bombings, the north bridge partially collapsed, while the south bridge, located in southern Bjeorgite town of Martin, completely fell, killing at least 23. Members of ANM subsequently barricaded the Illien Tunnel, rigging it with explosives, as Brian Smith fled Jonestown to a secure bunker, constructed during the [[Great War]], where he remained for much of the conflict.
 
===International Response===
On July 20th, two days after the declaration from Smith, [[Zamastan]]ian [[President of Zamastan|President]] [[Cassious Castovia]] condemned the declaration of independence, calling the secessionists "violent in their ideology", and "flawed in their morality". He sited Zamastan's support of the Maximusian government, while also indirectly citing the [[First War in Vulkaria]] and the [[Prydainian Conflict]] in [[Cadair]] as reasons to act on the developments.
 
{{Quote|The Imperial Republic of Zamastan is a staunch and assertive supporter of democracy, freedom, and peace throughout the world. With this said, the Government of Libertas Omnium Maximus, no matter how flawed and problematic, has stood for democracy and we have no reason to stand idly aside in a desperate time that may very well have lasting implications and dangerous ramifications for the entirety of the world.|personquoted=Cassius Castovia, President of Zamastan}}
 
[[Zamastanian Armed Forces]], under the command of [[Jarris Tavoka|Admiral Jarris Tavoka]] moved into Maximusian waters in the early hours of July 21, flying reconnaissance sorties from the aircraft carrier ''[[ZMS Upham]]'' to gather intelligence on insurgent movements and artillery placements. Over 10,000 surveillance photos were captured by the Zamastanians over the course of the conflict. President Paterson remained wary of Zamastanian involvement throughout the uprising, but conferenced frequently with President Castovia to coordinate the Maximusian-Zamastanian response, nonetheless. Paterson was ultimately convinced to allow Zamastanian fighters to act unilaterally while over Bjeorg airspace as the Maximusian army was temporarily mired in its own internal investigations following a wave of airmen defecting to the Bjeorg cause. This decision would prove to be a crucial oversight, and would haunt Paterson for the rest of her political career.


"Citizens of Bjeorg Province, and the great Republic of Libertas Omnium Maximus, I would first like to take the time to apologize for the delay in my administration's official statement. I cannot possibly express how sorry I am that the life of District Attorney Thornton and her husband were lost in the recent bombing. Violence shouldn't be the answer to a situation such as this and I do believe that Bjeorg is better than associating themselves with terrorists. However, desperate times do often call for extreme measures. I do believe that the call for independence is a just one. I believe that an independent state of Bjeorg is in order. Just nine months you all called for the independence in a referendum. It wasn't even a slim margin for approval. If memory serves 73% of you wanted independence. Did the government acquiesce to our requests? No, they scoffed at them.  
Even as the Zamastanians and Maximusians coordinated, several nations simultaneously noted their support for the Bjoerg rebels. Significantly, communist [[Lauchenoiria]] and the democratic [[Eiria]] both backed the insurgents. [[President of Lauchenoiria]] [[Augustin Méndez]] delivered a statement, remarking the following.  


We tried the democratic way. They brought these tragedies to themselves. They did not even indulge us. I'll give a quote. The Great political philosopher, Edward Dale, once wrote: "It is held that when a people can no longer be accurately or effectively governed by their leaders than they have it within their moral justification to establish a new state that might better serve and protect its constituents." I believe what I am about to say has justification by his words. Effective immediately, Bjeorg is an independent state. This is what you all wanted. You voted for it. We are independent. I have the backing of our province's armed forces unites and my cabinet is on board as well. We want independence and we sure as hell will get it. This is to the LOM government, the bastards that you are: Know this, You can come for us, but you will never take back Bjeorg. With that said, come and try!"
{{Quote|quotetext="The Federation of Lauchenoiria hereby recognizes Bjeorg as an independent state. We condemn the actions of Libertas Omnium Maximus and Zamastan in acting against this fledgling nation, and ask both nations to cease hostilities immediately and allow the people of Bjeorg to build their new nation. We are hopeful for a peaceful resolution, and call upon all parties involved to cease military operations in the area. If, however, this request is ignored, we will consider acting in support of the independence of Bjeorg."|author=Augustin Mendez, President of Lauchenoiria}}


Following the speech, the Bjeorg militias detonated explosives on the bridge connections to the mainland, causing the suspensions on one bridge to break and partially submerge in the Straight of St. Peter, and causing another to snap on the Bjeorg quarter side and collapse fully on both halves of the structure. It is estimated that at least 23 people were killed during the bridge collapses.  
Beyond the simple threat of war, [[Chancellor of Eiria|Chancellor]] [[Cera Balodis]] of Eiria brazenly ordered two ships to perform drills in international waters just off Bjeorg's coast following Castovia's declaration of intent to militarily intervene on behalf of federal forces. In a prior speech, Balodis declared Eiria's support for Bjeorg.


Governor Smith then left the Administrative Building in a convoy to a hidden location where he would prepare to lead militia forces in the lead up to hostilities.  
{{Quote|quote="...[T]he Senate has been deliberating over the growing conflict in Bjeorg, and now have come to a conclusion. The Democratic Republic of Eiria hereby recognizes The State of Bjeorg as an independent nation, and Eiria pledges their support in the conflict if it comes to war. Let this serve as a manifesto to [federal forces], that we will not tolerate oppression, and will see you on the battlefield, if it comes to that."|author=Cera Balodis, Chancellor of Eiria}}


===International Condemnation===
==Early Confrontations==
On July 20th, two days after the declaration from Smith, [[Zamastan]]ian [[President of Zamastan|President]] [[Cassious Castovia]] condemned the declaration of independence, calling the secessionists "violent in their ideology", and "flawed in their morality". He sited Zamastan's support of the Maximusian government, while also indirectly citing the [[First War in Vulkaria]] and the [[Prydainian Conflict]] in [[Cadair]] as reasons to act on the developments.


"The Imperial Republic of Zamastan is a staunch and assertive supporter of democracy, freedom, and peace throughout the world. With this said, the Government of Libertas Omnium Maximus, no matter how flawed and problematic, has stood for democracy and we have no reason to stand idly aside in a desperate time that may very well have lasting implications and dangerous ramifications for the entirety of the world."
=== First Shots ===
The first intentional fatality of the conflict occurred on July 23, 1991, when Bjeorg insurgents deployed a surface-to-air missile system against a Zamastanian fighter-bomber. Zamastanian pilot Larr Tevis was killed after his plane was disabled by one of the missiles and crashed into the sea below, despite Smith's insistence that he never authorized firing upon the Zamastanians. The shootdown proved to be a watershed moment in the conflict, turning the Zamastanian people, who had been hesitant to commit troops to such an isolated uprising up until that point, against the Bjeorg insurgents. President Castovia gave an impassioned address to the nation and the rest of the [[International Democratic Union]] the night of Tevis' death. His speech has been hailed as one of the most human and emotionally driven addresses given his entire presidency, as he was noticeably holding back tears. Castovia's reputation as a stern, war-time president was made more poignant by his show of sincerity, though some critics still rebuke this as acting to this day. Nevertheless, the speech rallied the Zamastanian against Smith's nascent regime.


It is the understanding of our intelligence community that the independence movement in Bjeorg is orchestrated through a culmination of violent acts, which have perpetuated a fear and very present danger in the region. The independence they seek is curtailed by a dangerous ideology that has left many in harms way. We have seen similar acts undertaken in regions left volatile in their wakes, and thusly, this is why the Zamastanian government states the following: we stand with the people and government of Libertas Omnium Maximus and condone the Provincial administration of Bjeorg."
====Eirian Military Mobilization====
Following the death of Tevis, Chancellor Cera Balodis ordered the battleship ''EIS Triton'' to the edge of Bjeorg waters and confirmed with Governor Smith that he would accept Eirian military support. Smith, naturally, acquiesced. During the wait for confirmation, the ''Triton'' was circled at least twice by a Zamastanian jet, receiving communications to back away further into international waters.


===Zamastanian Military Involvement===
=== Battle of the Strait of St. Peter ===
[[Zamastanian Armed Forces]], under the command of Admiral [[Jarris Tavoka]] moved into Maximusian waters on July 21st at 12:05 AM, starting reconnaissance missions from the ''[[ZMS Upham]]'' to get intelligence on insurgent movements and artillery placements. They flew sorties and espionage air craft every hour, capturing over 10,000 photos which were shared between Zamastanian and Maximusian leadership. President Paterson was wary of Zamastanian involvement at first, but a supposedly impassioned phone call by President Castovia solidified her resolve to let Zamastanian military forces have a significant role in the coming conflict. She gave approval for Zamastan forces to have the air superiority, as a large portion of the Maximusian air force had been grounded as a result of security breaches and defections to the Bjeorg forces. She did, however, make sure to define that any military action would have to have the final approval of Maximusian generals and commanders before Zamastanian forces carried out operations. This would be the case for the majority of the skirmishes during the conflict.  
On July 25, the ''[[ZMS Lance Pelio]]'' and the ''ZMS Clift'' began pursuing the ''EIS Triton'' and an unmarked Xiomeran cargo vessel known as "Q Ship." The fleeing vessels were accompanied by six Xiomeran speed boats. This incident began the [[Battle of the Strait of St. Peter|protracted campaign]] which saw federal and insurgent forces battling for control of the Strait of Saint Peter. The ''Pelio'' was first attacked by the smaller speed boats, and lost at least 12 sailors before destroying one of the speed boats. The ship then engaged the ''Triton'', scoring a direct hit on the corvette's rear side. Shortly after, the Xiomeran Q Ship struck the ''Lance Pelio'' with a torpedo, damaging the engine systems on the Zamastanian frigate. The ''Triton'' then opened fire, striking the bow of the ''Lance Pelio'' and causing it to list and sink thirty minutes later. 67 sailors were killed on the ''Lance Pelio''. The Eirian and Xiomeran ships then were flanked by the addition of two Eirian battleships, the ''EIS Liberty'' and the ''EIS Napoleon''. They provided retreat cover to the damaged ''Triton'', but were followed for roughly 60 miles out into open waters by the ''[[ZMS Tofiniua]]'', the ''[[ZMS Jackson]]'', and the ''[[ZMS Whiterock]]'', as well as a combined fighter jet and bomber squadron. The retreating fleet took heavy fire during the retreat, with all ships receiving at least minimal damage. The ''EIS Napoleon'' was hit by frigate fire, resulting in an explosion that destroyed their movement, and a cluster of bombs dropped by the plane squadron resulted in the ship's quick capsizing and sinking. 153 total Eirian sailors were killed during the course of the battle.


===International Support===
====North's Last Stand====
The nations of [[Lauchenoiria]] and [[Eiria]] openly supported the Bjeorg independence movement in the immediate aftermath of Zamastanian military mobilization, and upon realizing that military conflict was likely going to occur as a result of the event. [[President of Lauchenoiria]] [[Augustin Méndez]] delivered a statement saying:
''{{Main|North's Last Stand}}''
"The Federation of Lauchenoiria hereby recognises Bjeorg as an independent state. We condemn the actions of Libertas Omnium Maximus and Zamastan in acting against this fledgling nation, and ask both nations to cease hostilities immediately and allow the people of Bjeorg to build their new nation. We are hopeful for a peaceful resolution, and call upon all parties involved to cease military operations in the area. If, however, this request is ignored, we will consider acting in support of the independence of Bjeorg."
====Sinking of the ZMS Grissh====
[[Chancellor of Eiria|Chancellor]] [[Cera Balodis]] ordered two ships to coast in international waters off Bjeorg's coast following the word of Zamastanian military intervention. In a speech, she declared Eiria's support for Bjeorg, stating:
"As all of you know, the Senate has been deliberating over the growing conflict in Bjeorg, and now have come to a conclusion. The Sovereign Nation of The Democratic Republic of Eiria hereby recognizes The State of Bjeorg as an independent nation, and Eiria pledges their support in the conflict if it comes to war. Let this serve as a manifesto to the LOM, that we will not tolerate Oppression, and will see you on the Battlefield, if it comes to that."


==Fighting Begins==
===Power Struggle Among the Revolutionaries===
===Shootdown of Lieutenant Tevis===
The first official shots of the war were fired on July 23rd, 1991. During a routine surveillance flight, five surface to air missiles that were previously undetected were fired at two Zamastanian Z4-AB fighter bombers. The missiles were likely supplied by Xiomeran mercenaries, but they were fired by a contingency of Bjeorg rebels who had reportedly defied Governor Smith's demands to not engage until engaged. Whatever Smith's intentions were, one of the planes was hit by two of the missiles, and the pilot, lieutenant [[Larr Tevis]], was unable to eject. He was killed when the plane crashed not far from the [[Ilium Tunnel]]. The shootdown proved to be the turning point for the hearts and minds of the Zamastanian people, with President Castovia giving an emotionally impassioned address to the nation and the rest of the [[International Democratic Union]]:


"“Ladies and Gentlemen, my fellow Zamastanians. I come to you tonight with solemn and deep pain in my heart. Yesterday morning, over the Straight of St. Peter off the coast of the Province of Bjeorg, a Zamastanian fighter was shot down by an enemy missile. The pilot attempted to reject, but sadly was unable to do so, and perished with the craft. The pilot, lieutenant Larr Tevis was killed. Larr Tevis was killed in the service of his nation. He was killed during a routine intelligence gathering mission. The greatest tragedy of all is that lieutenant Tevis was the first casualty of this conflict: we did not drop bombs or fire our guns, but the Bjeorg revolutionaries took it upon themselves to kill our men. While we as a nation will mourn our fallen soldier, we will continue the fight in his memory. No matter how much they preach it, these monsters do not believe in true freedom, true liberty, or true ideology.
==Ground Incursion==
===[[Battle of Saybrook]]===
At 4:00 in the afternoon on July 30th, Zamastanian forces began landing in the southern Bjeorg fishing villages of [[Old Saybrook]] and [[Glouchester]], referred to by the Zamastanian command as ''Point Alpha'' and ''Point Beta'' respectively. The attack began with four bombers striking separatist turret emplacements. Unknown to command, however, Xiomeran mercenaries were in the proximity of the landing zone and had finished unloading and distributing weaponry to the militia in the fishing towns. Among the weapons were the XM-4, which was the most advanced portable SAM that Xiomera had available. They made their debut during the landings, when three of the four bombers were shot down on approach, killing two of the pilots and causing another to eject.  


We, as a people, will continue the fight. We, as a nation, will be victorious. We have faced hardship before, and we can do it again. On my orders, The Imperial Republic of Zamastan’s military will begin strikes against the insurgent installations of the Smith regime in Bjeorg. These will be carefully targeted actions, and are designed to disrupt the use of Bjeorg as a terrorist base of operations that Governor Brian Smith has turned it into. We are joined in this operation by our friend, Libertas Omnium Maximus. This is a fight in their land, on their request, and this is a fight for the survival of their history.  
The landing at Old Saybrook were met with unexpected firepower from the separatist resistance. Two Zamastanian soldiers were killed as they disembarked from the landing craft, and another two were killed as the soldiers began moving through the village. It was in this village that Commander [[Austin Wilson]] and many of his men committed a war crime when they fired upon groups of captured insurgents and villagers that they had gathered in a clearing next to the landing zone. Approximately 27 people were killed in the [[Massacre of Old Saybrook]], but the event was never confirmed until 2019 when a soldier who was present at the battle, [[Nicholas Henners]], exposed the killings after years of silence. [[Secretary of Defense (Zamastan)|Secretary of Defense]] [[Curtis Fondaden]] was questioned by [[Congressional Hall (Zamastan)|a Congressional subpoena session]].


I know many Zamastanians feel fear, anger, and pain today. In the days ahead, our patience will be one of our strengths and one of our struggles. We will need our patience and understanding that it will take time to achieve our goals, patience in all the sacrifices that may come. Today, those sacrifices are being made by members of our armed forces who now defend us so far from home, and by their proud and worried families. Thank you, and God bless Zamastan, our soldiers, and our strong, devoted, and endeavored people.
At ''Point Beta'' (Glouchester), which was six miles north of Old Saybrook, Zamastanian troops met heavier ground resistance than anticipated. The bombers launched in this area of battle managed to evade enemy missiles and destroy all heavy turret installations, allowing for smooth landings from the craft. Once the ground forces entered the village, however, they were met with sporadic ambushes from houses and hidden fox holes. By the time reinforcements from additional landing craft arrived, 21 soldiers had been killed.  


The speech was hailed as one of Castovia's most human and emotionally driven, as he was noticeably holding back tears. Castovia's reputation as a stern, war-time president was made more impassioned by his show of sincerity, though some critics still rebuke this as acting to this day. Nevertheless, the speech rallied the Zamastanian people further towards the cause for the fight in Bjeorg.
The two landings are classified as into and overarching, individual battle, due to their proximity and the fact that soldiers from each landing area helped coordinate and reinforce their counterparts in the other. The battle cemented the presence of Zamastanian soldiers and their supply line on the Bjeorg province for the remainder of the conflict.


===Eirian Military Mobilization===
===[[Battle of Martin]]===
Following the shootdown, Chancellor Cera Balodis ordered the ''EIS Triton'' to the edge of Bjeorg waters, and confirmed with Governor Smith that he would accept their military support. During the wait for confirmation, the ''Triton'' was circled at least twice by a Zamastanian jet, and received communications to back away further into international waters.
[[Category:Zamastan]]
[[Category:Zamastan]]
[[Category:Conflicts]]
[[Category:Conflicts]]
[[Category:Politics]]
[[Category:Politics]]
[[Category:Events]]
[[Category:Events]]
[[Category:Lauchenoiria]]
[[Category:Lauchenoiria]]
[[Category:Libertas Omnium Maximus]]
[[Category:Conflicts Involving Libertas Omnium Maximus]]
[[Category:1991 Bjeorg Conflict]]
[[Category: Bjeorg]]

Latest revision as of 14:58, 15 April 2024

1991 Bjeorg Conflict
DateJuly 18, 1991 - January 13, 1992
LocationProvince of Bjeorg, Libertas Omnium Maximus
Result Conditional victory for federal forces
Belligerents

Federal Supporters

Rebel Supporters

Commanders and leaders

Maximusian

Allied

Bjeorgite

Allied

The 1991 Bjeorg Conflict, alternatively known by many names including the Crisis in Bjeorg, Bjeorg Revolution, and the Bjeorg Uprising, was a period of civil unrest and military conflict in Bjeorg, then a province of Libertas Omnium Maximus, prompted by calls for secession from a number of prominent Bjeorgite political figures and organizations. Then Governor of Bjeorg, Brian Smith, officially declared the province's secession from Libertas Omnium Maximus on July 18, 1991, prompted by a rejected independence referendum the prior year. The declaration of secession, naturally, was immediately condemned as an illegal political action by Maximusian President Jean Paterson, though she remained initially hesitant to commit Maximusian troops to securing the Bjeorg isle. The conflict quickly escalated out of proportion, however, when a Zamastanian strategic fighter jet was shot down by Bjeorgite partisans over the Strait of Saint Peter, leading to a Zamastanian declaration of war against the fledgling Bjeorg provisional state. A number of neighboring states looking to dislodge the neoliberal Maximusian Republic's regional influence backed Bjeorg, outfitting the partisans with naval and logistical support. Xiomeran mercenaries were also hired to assist Bjeorgite partisans. Eventually, Maximusian and Zamastanian forces secured the isle, largely due to tremendous infighting within the Bjeorg rebel line, but at tremendous political cost. In 1992, the Portland Accords were ratified, returning Bjeorg to Maximusian control, but granting the republic levels of autonomy significantly exceeding that of federal provinces.

Instigating Events[edit | edit source]

At the time of the onset of conflict, the Province of Bjeorg had a population of around 3 million. The province comprised all of Bjeorg isle, a large island tens of kilometers off the west coast of mainland Libertas Omnium Maximus and separated by the Strait of Saint Peter. The island was connected to the mainland by three main junctions, the Ilien Tunnel, an automobile tunnel running beneath the strait, and two cable-stayed suspension bridges, both designed for mixed cargo and passenger rail use. At the time, the Bjeorg economy was small, chiefly agrarian, developing slowly, and was culturally distinct from the rest of the nation. These and many additional factors had long since generated animosity between Bjeorg and the broader Maximusian Republic, but tensions came to a head in the late 1980s.

Seeds of Secession[edit | edit source]

In 1990, a nonbinding referendum was added to the Bjeorg gubernatorial election ballot polling Bjeorgite voters on whether or not they would support Bjeorg seceding from the Maximusian Republic. A majority of voters did voice support for the cause, but most assumed the ballot measure was a political stunt which Bjeorgite representatives to the Maximusian Senate would use to push for legislation more favorable to rural interests. In months following the referendum, a test case was tried before the Maximusian High Court. The court declared that secession was not a right provinces maintained and, as such, the referendum measure was deemed illegitimate and invalid.

On June 10th, 1990, a regional politician named James Wilson was arrested at the Bjeorg Provincial Assembly Building following an impassioned speech encouraging violent resistance to federal authority shortly after the High Court ruling was delivered. His speech and subsequent imprisonment was captured as one of the rallying cries for what would eventually become the Bjeorg rebel movement.

"Bjeorg’s recent appeal to the Maximusian government has been denied. Our yearning for freedom and independence has been crushed under the tyrannical boot of a rigged judicial system. [...] Our federal government has been systematically stripping us of our rights, all the while force feeding us lies that these actions are for the greater good. What of us? Do we not matter? [...] If we cannot have our independence playing their games, we must stop playing. A display of force is our only option. I love Bjeorg. We love Bjeorg; we will set her free!”

— James Wilson

Assassinations[edit | edit source]

Throughout late June of 1991, Aurora Novo Militum (ANM), a paramilitary organization devoted to Bjeorg independence, began carrying out clandestine terrorist attacks against Maximusian institutions and specific individuals they viewed as opponents to Bjeorgite secession. On July 8, 1991, Melissa Thornton, a federal prosecutor dispatched to investigate ANM, was killed when agents, likely affiliated with ANM (though the attack was never claimed), detonated an improvised explosive device under the runway of the Château sur les Rochers Airport, destroying a taxiing aircraft Mrs. Thornton was travelling in.

Involvement of Xiomeran Mercenaries[edit | edit source]

As a number of independent, uncoordinated Bjeorgite militia and revolutionary groups began organizing in the early summer of 1991, they found themselves wildly outgunned, even just compared to the small number of Maximusian troops stationed on military bases throughout the isle. Several of these groups vigorously sought help from nations friendly to the black market trade of weapons and ammunition in rectifying the dearth of firepower. One of the key proponents for supplying the rebel forces before the beginning of the conflict were mercenaries operating out of Xiomera. According to documents recovered by the the Zamastanian intelligence service, several cargo ships owned by Xiomeran companies knowingly smuggled heavy arms and artillery into Bjeorg in weeks leading up to open conflict, often under the cover of night. Even after the establishment of a Zamastanian naval blockade in July of 1991, many Xiomeran commercial freighters were able to run the blockade and continue outfitting Bjeorgite partisans.

Hardware smuggled by the Xiomerans into Bjeorg may have exceeded twenty tanks, dozens of armored personnel carriers, hundreds of artillery pieces and anti-aircraft guns, a hundred surface-to-air missile launchers, 16 helicopters, and around $50 million in ammunition. During the conflict, around 50 Xiomeran mercenary officers and 1500 ground soldiers were directly deployed to Bjeorg. Mercenary officers also provided substantive combat training for Bjeorg militias and locals who joined the fight, many of whom had never held a rifle before in their life.

Declaration of Independence[edit | edit source]

On July 18th, Governor Brian Smith, who had forged a tenuous alliance with ANM to lead the uprising, addressed a large crowd before the Provincial Administration Building and declared the province's secession from the Maximusian federation. His speech echoed the sentiments of Wilson, and Smith vowed to defend the province's independence at all costs, even if this meant shedding Maximusian and Bjeorgite blood. Following the speech, a Bjeorg militia group detonated explosives on both cable-stayed bridge connections to the mainland. Following the bombings, the north bridge partially collapsed, while the south bridge, located in southern Bjeorgite town of Martin, completely fell, killing at least 23. Members of ANM subsequently barricaded the Illien Tunnel, rigging it with explosives, as Brian Smith fled Jonestown to a secure bunker, constructed during the Great War, where he remained for much of the conflict.

International Response[edit | edit source]

On July 20th, two days after the declaration from Smith, Zamastanian President Cassious Castovia condemned the declaration of independence, calling the secessionists "violent in their ideology", and "flawed in their morality". He sited Zamastan's support of the Maximusian government, while also indirectly citing the First War in Vulkaria and the Prydainian Conflict in Cadair as reasons to act on the developments.

The Imperial Republic of Zamastan is a staunch and assertive supporter of democracy, freedom, and peace throughout the world. With this said, the Government of Libertas Omnium Maximus, no matter how flawed and problematic, has stood for democracy and we have no reason to stand idly aside in a desperate time that may very well have lasting implications and dangerous ramifications for the entirety of the world.

— Cassius Castovia, President of Zamastan

Zamastanian Armed Forces, under the command of Admiral Jarris Tavoka moved into Maximusian waters in the early hours of July 21, flying reconnaissance sorties from the aircraft carrier ZMS Upham to gather intelligence on insurgent movements and artillery placements. Over 10,000 surveillance photos were captured by the Zamastanians over the course of the conflict. President Paterson remained wary of Zamastanian involvement throughout the uprising, but conferenced frequently with President Castovia to coordinate the Maximusian-Zamastanian response, nonetheless. Paterson was ultimately convinced to allow Zamastanian fighters to act unilaterally while over Bjeorg airspace as the Maximusian army was temporarily mired in its own internal investigations following a wave of airmen defecting to the Bjeorg cause. This decision would prove to be a crucial oversight, and would haunt Paterson for the rest of her political career.

Even as the Zamastanians and Maximusians coordinated, several nations simultaneously noted their support for the Bjoerg rebels. Significantly, communist Lauchenoiria and the democratic Eiria both backed the insurgents. President of Lauchenoiria Augustin Méndez delivered a statement, remarking the following.

"The Federation of Lauchenoiria hereby recognizes Bjeorg as an independent state. We condemn the actions of Libertas Omnium Maximus and Zamastan in acting against this fledgling nation, and ask both nations to cease hostilities immediately and allow the people of Bjeorg to build their new nation. We are hopeful for a peaceful resolution, and call upon all parties involved to cease military operations in the area. If, however, this request is ignored, we will consider acting in support of the independence of Bjeorg."

— Augustin Mendez, President of Lauchenoiria

Beyond the simple threat of war, Chancellor Cera Balodis of Eiria brazenly ordered two ships to perform drills in international waters just off Bjeorg's coast following Castovia's declaration of intent to militarily intervene on behalf of federal forces. In a prior speech, Balodis declared Eiria's support for Bjeorg.

"...[T]he Senate has been deliberating over the growing conflict in Bjeorg, and now have come to a conclusion. The Democratic Republic of Eiria hereby recognizes The State of Bjeorg as an independent nation, and Eiria pledges their support in the conflict if it comes to war. Let this serve as a manifesto to [federal forces], that we will not tolerate oppression, and will see you on the battlefield, if it comes to that."

— Cera Balodis, Chancellor of Eiria

Early Confrontations[edit | edit source]

First Shots[edit | edit source]

The first intentional fatality of the conflict occurred on July 23, 1991, when Bjeorg insurgents deployed a surface-to-air missile system against a Zamastanian fighter-bomber. Zamastanian pilot Larr Tevis was killed after his plane was disabled by one of the missiles and crashed into the sea below, despite Smith's insistence that he never authorized firing upon the Zamastanians. The shootdown proved to be a watershed moment in the conflict, turning the Zamastanian people, who had been hesitant to commit troops to such an isolated uprising up until that point, against the Bjeorg insurgents. President Castovia gave an impassioned address to the nation and the rest of the International Democratic Union the night of Tevis' death. His speech has been hailed as one of the most human and emotionally driven addresses given his entire presidency, as he was noticeably holding back tears. Castovia's reputation as a stern, war-time president was made more poignant by his show of sincerity, though some critics still rebuke this as acting to this day. Nevertheless, the speech rallied the Zamastanian against Smith's nascent regime.

Eirian Military Mobilization[edit | edit source]

Following the death of Tevis, Chancellor Cera Balodis ordered the battleship EIS Triton to the edge of Bjeorg waters and confirmed with Governor Smith that he would accept Eirian military support. Smith, naturally, acquiesced. During the wait for confirmation, the Triton was circled at least twice by a Zamastanian jet, receiving communications to back away further into international waters.

Battle of the Strait of St. Peter[edit | edit source]

On July 25, the ZMS Lance Pelio and the ZMS Clift began pursuing the EIS Triton and an unmarked Xiomeran cargo vessel known as "Q Ship." The fleeing vessels were accompanied by six Xiomeran speed boats. This incident began the protracted campaign which saw federal and insurgent forces battling for control of the Strait of Saint Peter. The Pelio was first attacked by the smaller speed boats, and lost at least 12 sailors before destroying one of the speed boats. The ship then engaged the Triton, scoring a direct hit on the corvette's rear side. Shortly after, the Xiomeran Q Ship struck the Lance Pelio with a torpedo, damaging the engine systems on the Zamastanian frigate. The Triton then opened fire, striking the bow of the Lance Pelio and causing it to list and sink thirty minutes later. 67 sailors were killed on the Lance Pelio. The Eirian and Xiomeran ships then were flanked by the addition of two Eirian battleships, the EIS Liberty and the EIS Napoleon. They provided retreat cover to the damaged Triton, but were followed for roughly 60 miles out into open waters by the ZMS Tofiniua, the ZMS Jackson, and the ZMS Whiterock, as well as a combined fighter jet and bomber squadron. The retreating fleet took heavy fire during the retreat, with all ships receiving at least minimal damage. The EIS Napoleon was hit by frigate fire, resulting in an explosion that destroyed their movement, and a cluster of bombs dropped by the plane squadron resulted in the ship's quick capsizing and sinking. 153 total Eirian sailors were killed during the course of the battle.

North's Last Stand[edit | edit source]

Sinking of the ZMS Grissh[edit | edit source]

Power Struggle Among the Revolutionaries[edit | edit source]

Ground Incursion[edit | edit source]

Battle of Saybrook[edit | edit source]

At 4:00 in the afternoon on July 30th, Zamastanian forces began landing in the southern Bjeorg fishing villages of Old Saybrook and Glouchester, referred to by the Zamastanian command as Point Alpha and Point Beta respectively. The attack began with four bombers striking separatist turret emplacements. Unknown to command, however, Xiomeran mercenaries were in the proximity of the landing zone and had finished unloading and distributing weaponry to the militia in the fishing towns. Among the weapons were the XM-4, which was the most advanced portable SAM that Xiomera had available. They made their debut during the landings, when three of the four bombers were shot down on approach, killing two of the pilots and causing another to eject.

The landing at Old Saybrook were met with unexpected firepower from the separatist resistance. Two Zamastanian soldiers were killed as they disembarked from the landing craft, and another two were killed as the soldiers began moving through the village. It was in this village that Commander Austin Wilson and many of his men committed a war crime when they fired upon groups of captured insurgents and villagers that they had gathered in a clearing next to the landing zone. Approximately 27 people were killed in the Massacre of Old Saybrook, but the event was never confirmed until 2019 when a soldier who was present at the battle, Nicholas Henners, exposed the killings after years of silence. Secretary of Defense Curtis Fondaden was questioned by a Congressional subpoena session.

At Point Beta (Glouchester), which was six miles north of Old Saybrook, Zamastanian troops met heavier ground resistance than anticipated. The bombers launched in this area of battle managed to evade enemy missiles and destroy all heavy turret installations, allowing for smooth landings from the craft. Once the ground forces entered the village, however, they were met with sporadic ambushes from houses and hidden fox holes. By the time reinforcements from additional landing craft arrived, 21 soldiers had been killed.

The two landings are classified as into and overarching, individual battle, due to their proximity and the fact that soldiers from each landing area helped coordinate and reinforce their counterparts in the other. The battle cemented the presence of Zamastanian soldiers and their supply line on the Bjeorg province for the remainder of the conflict.

Battle of Martin[edit | edit source]