Constitution of Libertas Omnium Maximus
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| Constitution of Libertas Omnium Maximus | |
|---|---|
| Jurisdiction | Federal |
| Presented | July 20, 1840 |
| Ratified | August 3, 1840 |
| Date effective | January 1, 1841 |
| System | Constitutional Republic |
| Branches | 3 |
| Chambers | Bicameral, Senatus Populous and Senatus Terras |
| Executive | President |
| Judiciary | High, appellate, district |
| Federalism | Federation |
| Electoral college | Yes |
| First legislature | January 18, 1841 |
| First executive | January 1, 1841 |
| Amendments | 12 |
| Last amended | July 2, 1997 |
| Signatories | 26 (of 30 delegates present) |
| Supersedes | Charter of the Republic |
The Constitution of Libertas Omnium Maximus is the supreme law and foundational document of Libertas Omnium Maximus. Ratified on August 3, 1840,[1] the Constitution frames the role of federal government in the nation. Following the defeat of Provisional Government forces in the spring of 1840 and the conclusion of the Iustitian Civil War, a convention was called in Litudinem to construct a new republican government for Iustita. The Constitution, along with its provisions and stipulations, was the result of this convention, officially constructing the new federal government on January 1, 1841.
History[edit | edit source]
Following the victory of republican forces during the Iustitian Civil War in autumn of 1839, a major rift emerged within the new government between those who favored the establishment of a loose confederation of self-governing municipalities (called communes) and a more centralized system with a federal government, which ultimately prevailed. Although a small contingent of pro-commune republican leaders would remain vocal through the 1850s, Iustitian confederationism, as it came to be known, was gradually abandoned as a viable political structure for its perceived vulnerability to foreign threat. In April of 1840, Michael Chaucer called to order an assembly of 156 revolutionary leaders and local administrators from around the former Iustitian Republic to form the first government of the new republic. Statesman Gerald Hart of the Chaucer Assembly first proposed the creation of a supreme law constitution on April 22, which proved to be the most appealing method of legitimizing the assembly's authority. The Constitution was drafted by a committee of eleven members of the assembly, including Hart and future Chancellor, Francis Green, between May 9 and July 20, 1840.
Content[edit | edit source]
The Maximusian Constitution is divided into four sections; the first outlines the role of federal government in the new republic, the second formally incorporates the original six federal provinces into the federation and establishes the formal procedure for incorporating new territories as provinces, the third institutes a number of standardizations to be observed by all provinces and federal entities, and the fourth entrenches certain "fundamental rights of man," including an assurance of universal male suffrage,[2] a guarantee of free speech, religious exercise, an individual right to bear arms, and just treatment under the rule of law. The fourth section of the Maximusian Constitution also dismantled the dysfunctional peerage system, which had existed under the Iustitian Republic as a lingering vestige of Valahandian colonial rule.
The Maximusian Constitution is written in Latin, ostensibly in order to preserve the intent of the original authors' words through the passage of time. By custom, all official legislation passed into law by the Senate has followed the tradition established by the Constitution, being transcribed into Latin after voting has concluded. However, an increasing number of politicians have expressed their distaste for this practice, finding it clunky and ineffective.
Influences[edit | edit source]
Amendments[edit | edit source]
Voting Rights[edit | edit source]
In 1926, an amendment was passed adding a clause that defined the use of the word "man," prevalent throughout the document, to mean "mankind," unequivocally extending voting and property rights to women. The clause was also instituted to obstruct a number of bad faith judicial interpretations of the word "man," which had been previously used in certain jurisdictions to limit the Constitution's universal suffrage clause to "men of means" or landed individuals.
Church State Separation[edit | edit source]
The original wording of the Maximusian Constitution was long interpreted to establish a completely secular state. This jurisprudential framework, which was generally perceived to conflict with the Constitutional right to choose one's own conviction, however, became increasingly contentious by the early 20th century, and ultimately proved unworkable. In 1949, the Constitution was slightly reworded to simply prohibit the Maximusian government from promoting a state-religion, which had existed under the Iustitian Republic.