Tsiba
The People's Republic of Tsiba She Ji-gyboova ga Da ga Tsiba | |
|---|---|
 Flag | |
| Motto: Prosperity through Innovation, Pukishupu idota Imoovatsi | |
 | |
| Capital | Jishutsy (Jashootza) |
| Largest city | Chavotsy (Javova) |
| Official languages | Tsidi, Farsi |
| Recognised national languages | English |
| Recognised regional languages | Bacadi, Chavadi |
| Ethnic groups (2010) | 37.49% Tsige 20.91% Bacada 17.07% Other 16.23% Persian 8.3% British |
| Demonym(s) | Tsiba |
| Government | Federal dominant-party parliamentary republic |
• Prime Minister | Mahshid Shi'upa |
• Ja-Prime Minister | Chavo Lotfi-Vi'achavo |
| Establishment | |
• Independence from Britain | 1963 |
• Current Constitution | 1993 |
| Population | |
• 2019 estimate | 33,568,995 |
• 2014 census | 32,739,109 |
| GDP (nominal) | estimate |
• Total | 83,100,000,000 |
• Per capita | 2,538.25 |
| HDI (2019) | .673 medium |
| Currency | Tsida Shupu (TSH) |
| Date format | dd-mm-yyyy |
| Driving side | left |
| Calling code | +931 |
| Internet TLD | .ts |
The People's Republic of Tsiba, commonly called Tsiba, is a federal dominant-party parliamentary republic in the continent of Neria on Earth in the International Democratic Union. Tsiba is composed of 4 regions, with a total population of 33.57 million.
Tsiba was a part of the Roman empire from the early second century to the mid sixth century, when it was taken by the Sasanian Dynasty during the Roman-Persian Wars, being the only major territory to switch control during the conflict. During the Persian Period of Tsiba's history, the arts and sciences flourished, with many of Tsiba's most notable landmarks, including the Mosque Kivu, being built in this period.
The largest ethnic groups in Tsiba are the Tsige and the Bacada. Islam is the predominant religion in the country; the principal languages are Tsidi and Farsi, although English, Bacadi, and Chavadi are also common, the latter two being particularly common in rural areas. Tsiba is a parliamentary democracy, currently led by Prime Minister Mahshid Shi'upa of the Shooda-Tsiba party.
Beginning in 1872 Tsiba was ruled as a British protectorate. Tsiba gained their independence on September 2, 1963. Muhammed Jutsytoo was elected president in 1964 and remained as a dictator until 1993. During this time economic and social restrictions were placed on the Bacada minority, culminating in the 1993 Bacada Genocide, which lasted from January to August of that year. On August 12, 1993, Beshootsu Pyvupi's Ahitutha-sponsored Shooda-Tsiba Patseda (STP) gained control of the capital city of Shuputsy and overthrew Jutsytoo's government.
Pyvupi and her party, the Shooda-Tsiba, remained in power until her death in 2003. Opposition parties have been legalized since 2008, although international criticism is often drawn towards the fairness of Tsiba elections.
Etymology
The etymology of the name Tsiba (pronounced TSEE-bah) is disputed. It is likely that the name came from the Roman-era nickname for the country, Bacatsy, first recorded in the mid-third century. This name came from the Latin word “baca”, meaning ‘berry’, and the Tsidi word “tsy”, or ‘land’. At the time, Tsiba was home to a pervasive species of distinctive orange berry bushes that grew across the country’s farmlands. The species disappeared by the late eighth to early ninth centuries but the name remained, becoming Tsibaka and then Tsiba during the Persian era. An alternate etymology contests that Tsiba is a shortening of the Old Tsidi word “Itsimiba”, meaning ‘to stay in place’.
People from Tsiba are simply referred to as Tsiba. Multiple people from Tsiba are either referred to as Tsibas, a more modern phrase that comes from the British colonial period, as Putsiba, the traditional way to pluralize the word in Tsidi.
Different ethnic groups are referred to by their names in the Tsidi language in Tsiba. The Tsige are the pre-Roman inhabitants of Tsiba. The Chida are people of mixed ancestry, Kada of Persian or mostly Persian ancestry, and Guda of English or other European ancestries.
History
Tsiba War of Independence
Throughout the 1920s and early 1930s, Tsiba saw small student-led protests against the British colonial government. The hub of anti-colonial sentiments was Hashmi University, then known as Javova University. Between 8 and 14 November 1936, student activists occupied Duchavo'i Square (then Tennyson Square). Students were angered by the arrest of Professor George Ormazd, a beloved teacher at Hashmi University. Approximately 5,000 students attended the occupation, notably Charles "Kingfisher" Shipuva, Bevoo Pyvupi, Muhammed Jutsytoo, and Mustafa Hashmi.
On 15 November 1936, British troops opened fire on the occupiers, killing Hashmi, the protest organizer, and around a hundred more. Another 2,000 protesters were arrested that day. This event became known as the Massacre of Duchavo'i Square.
Angered by the events of November 15, student-led protests and independence organizations began to grow across the country. Shipuva urged protestors to remain peaceful and founded Students for the Future of Tsiba (SFT) with Pyvupi and Jutsytoo. SFT chapters began in universities across Tsiba, organizing protests and staging walk-outs to protest colonial rule. By March of 1937, around 25 SFT chapters were operational across Tsiba. However, on 24 March 1937, Pevoo Bucatsy, a peaceful protestor from the University of Central Vi'atsy, was accidentally shot by members of the British colonial military. Upon hearing of Bucatsy's death, Jutsytoo urged Shipuva to respond with violence in kind. However, Shipuva refused.
In early April of 1937, Muhammed Jutsytoo formed the Islamic Defenders of Tsiba (IDT), a more militant group that Shipuva’s SFT. The IDT quickly gained support and began occupying the city of Shuputsy and the surrounding region of Vi’atsy. On 19 December 1937, British troops attacked the city of Shuputsy in an attempt to regain control of the city in the bloodiest day of the war. The IDT managed to keep control of the city, but suffered heavy losses, weakening their control of the area.
In January of 1937, the British government banned the speaking of the Tsidi language and offered large rewards for the capture of any IDT soldiers. The IDT, already weakened by the Battle of Shuputsy, retreated from Shuputsy, though they continued to wage guerrilla warfare against British colonizers.
As the IDT lost power, the SFT became more important. Pyvupi began printing a newspaper entirely in Tsidi, known as She Shoo Ibo’ugu, advocating for peaceful resistance. In it, she, for the first time, began advocating for socialist reforms post-independence. In March of 1937, the SFT began a complete boycott on all British products that lasted until October, when the British government agreed to remove the ban on Tsidi and allowed several Tsiba politicians greater control of affairs in the country. They also agreed to release Pyvupi, who had been arrested in August for publishing She Shoo Ibo’ugu.
When the United Kingdom entered World War II in 1939, Shipuva encouraged Tsiba citizens not to volunteer for the British army. The IDT actively encouraged it’s members to attack recruiting stations and Tsibas who volunteered for the army. In total, it’s estimated that the IDT killed around 650 Tsiba volunteers for the British army. However, in total, around 500,000 Tsiba volunteered for the British army over the course of the war.
During WWII, Jutsytoo came out of hiding and he and the IDT began to retake territory in Tsiba. With the British focus on World War II, the IDT was able to not only retake Shuputsy and Vi’atsy, but also the neighboring region of Duchavo.
On 3 April 1945, Charles Shipuva died. In the weeks after his death the SFT began to crumble, leaving more room for the IDT to take power in Tsiba.
In 1945, when WWII ended, severely diminished British forces attempted to retake IDT territory. However, they were eventually driven back to Chatoogu’u, the British capital of Tsiba. On 13 August 1945, British troops surrendered unconditionally to Jutsytoo and the IDT. The British army was given two weeks to leave Tsiba, although a large population of British civilians remained in the country. With the end of British colonization, the IDT founded the Islamic Republic of Tsiba.
Islamic Republic of Tsiba
Following the Tsiba War of Independence, Muhammed Jutsytoo seized control of the country and established a temporary capital city in the city of Shuputsy in 1945. Jutsytoo and the IDT organized national presidential elections, as well as elections for the capital city, in March of 1946. Jutsytoo was the only candidate on the ballot, although socialists in the country launched a campaign for write-in candidates. Nonetheless, Justsytoo won the election with over ninety-five percent of the vote, and Shuputsy was chosen as the capital city of Tsiba. The Islamic Republic of Tsiba (often referred to as the Islamic Republic or the IRT) was officially established on April 6, 1946.
After his election Jutsytoo appointed a cabinet of loyalists to run each region of the country, as well as more specific forces and committees at the federal level. Notably, Kamran Voohhatsu was chosen to run the secret police, known as the Ve Shoo Putsy. Jutsytoo also appointed his wife, Mildred, to run the Youth and Cultural Affairs Committee, a choice that sparked outrage among anti-Islamist forces in the country, due to Mildred’s lack of prior experience and perceived inability to run the committee.
Under Jutsytoo, the cabinet quickly passed strict conservative social laws, often referred to as the Morality Codes. These laws prohibited women from owning land or holding jobs without their husband or father’s written consent, criminalized homosexuality, and allowed the government to arrest any political dissedents.
Tsiba’s healthcare and welfare systems were created during the IRT era, and the education system was expanded, allowing children in rural areas to access education. Jutsytoo also added mandatory religious education and Arabic classes to primary school curriculums, though few Putsiba learned Arabic to proficiency outside of religious scholars and those who attended universities, whose funding and number increased during the IRT era as well.
In 1951, Jutsytoo’s government began their first crackdown on the socialists of Tsiba. She Shoo Ibo’ugu, Bevoo Pyvupi’s newspaper, was banned in 1951, and she and her supporters went underground.
During the fifties, socialist movements became increasingly common throughout Tsiba’s universities, led in large part by Pyvupi’s daughter Beshootsu and Peket Ahmadi, both of whom would later serve as Prime Minister of Tsiba.
In 1959, after budgetary shortfalls, the government had to cut federal subsidies in the date farming industry in order to complete repairs to the water system in Shuputsy, a move that many farmers saw as a symbolic choice of urban interests over rural interests. This led to increased hostility towards Jutsytoo’s government from agricultural and religious interest groups.
In 1962 Jutsytoo and his supporters began blaming the Bacada, a small rural ethnic group in Tsiba, for the economic hardships of the country. Throughout 1962, the Ve Shoo Putsy began arresting prominent Bacada activists and leaders and, starting in January of 1963, Voohhatsu announced that crimes against the Bacada would no longer be prosecuted. It is estimated that between a quarter and a third of all Bacada died in the ensuing Bacada Genocide. Most of the killing was done one small community at a time, although Arshad ga Hhabe, Governor of the Region of Duchavo, created an artificial famine by stopping deliveries of food to areas with high percentages of Bacada.
In 1964, Jutsytoo called for an end to the genocide, and his supporters began their second crackdown on socialist movements in the country. Bevoo Pyvupi was arrested in 1965 and executed the same year.
On October 8, 1966, Penya Khouri, Executive General of the Islamic Republic’s Army, died. Kamran Voohhatsu took control of the Army and, with the support of religious officials throughout Tsiba, organized a coup against Jutsytoo’s government, declaring himself the rightful leader of Tsiba on February 17, 1967. After the Battle of Tsyshaba, both Voohhatsu and Jutsytoo’s forces were severely crippled, and Beshootsu Pyvupi’s socialist forces were able to take control of the country. Voohhatsu and Jutsytoo were executed together by firing squad on August 12, 1968, and Pyvupi declared herself the new Prime Minister of Tsiba the same day. She also took control of the country and declared it the new Socialist State of Tsiba, governed by her party, the Shooda-Tsiba. Islamic loyalists continued to fight isolated battles in the country through 1971.
Geography
Demographics
Tsiba has a population of just over 33 million. The average fertility rate in 2.85, although this is significantly higher in rural areas. The life expectancy in Tsiba is 75.64 for women and 71.32 for men. Ethnic groups in Tsiba include the Tsige, Kada, Guda, Chavada, and Bacada. About one-fifth of people are mixed-race, primarily of Tsige and Kada ancestry.
Putsiba are of average height and generally of dark complexions, with hair ranging from mid-brown to black. It’s estimated that five to ten percent of Tsiba’s population is overweight, while another five percent of children under five are malnourished.
Education
Children under the age of sixteen are required, by law, to attend school. However many children, especially girls in rural areas, are often pulled out of school early, with few punishments existing for those that bring them out of school. Classes are taught in Farsi and Tsidi, and children are required to take at least five years of English in school.
In total, about 60% of Tsiba students earn a high school diploma or equivalent accreditation, with half of those students then going on to college. The vast majority of colleges in Tsiba are public universities.
Language
Tsidi is the native language of the Tsige people and has been spoken in Tsiba for the entirety of the country's written history. However, the language has undergone major shifts, notably taking on Latin sentence structures during the era of Roman colonization, and incorporating large amounts of Latin and Persian vocabulary. Since the Persian era, Farsi has been spoken across the country as well.
During the British colonial era, the speaking of Tsidi was discouraged. However, during the Islamic Republic Era, English was no longer required in school and was, instead, replaced with Arabic. Today, English is primarily the language of business, while Farsi and Tsidi are the official government language. Most common Putsiba are bi- or trilingual, speaking Farsi, Tsidi and English, while many educated Putsiba also speak Arabic.
Religion
According to the 2019 Census, Tsiba's religious breakdown (noting that some overlap does exist) is:
Islamic Faith: 76.2%
Various Christian Sects: 11.34%
Shootsa or other traditional Tsige belief systems: 10.79%
Non-Religious: 8.04%
Zorastrianism: 2.33%
Other: 1.46%
Shootsa is a belief system common to the Tsige people and almost exclusively practiced in Tsiba. Practitioners of Shootsa believe in three divine beings who have little desire to interact with humans or impact thier lives, but who can nonetheless be pleased by consistent reverence and worship within people’s homes. The deities are Tsape-Chavoo (the sun deity), Tsabe-Py (the deity of family), and Tsape-Dukoo (the deity of death). Shootsa was the dominant belief system in Tsiba until the Persian era, when Islam took over. Many tsige adapted their Shootsa beliefs to Islam, a practice still common in the country.
During the British colonial era, worship of Shootsa idols was banned and, later, Muhammed Jutsytoo’s government persecuted Shootsa practitioners. Shootsa beliefs nearly disappeared from Tsiba until the nineties, when the Tsige Cultural Revival brought them back to public prominence.
Since 1968, Tsiba has been governed by secular principles. However, many areas of the country, particularly the region of Vi’atsy, have continued to govern under strict Islamic doctrines, often leading to clashes with the Duchavoputsy. The far-right Our Freedom Party has begun to gain support in recent years. The current mayor of Shuputsy, Masoud Kivuda, is of that party. In general though, most people in Tsiba follow liberal Islamic principals, particularly in larger cities like Chavotsy.
Government
Tsiba has a bicameral legislature known as the Duchavoputsy. It is composed of the House of the Ministers of Cities (commonly referred to as the City Ministers) and the Representative Legislature. The Representative Legislature is able to pass legislation by a majority vote; however, the City Ministers may stop the passage of legislation by a majority, which can then be overruled by a two-thirds majority vote in the Representative Legislature. The City Ministers are the only body allowed to authorize international use of the military. Any legislation passed by the City Ministers can only be overridden by the Prime Minister’s veto, which, on legislation from the City Ministers, can not be overruled.
Each region is governed from it’s capital, which must carry out the national policy but which is also allowed to create local legislation to deal with specific issues of the region. Nonetheless, both the Ministers of Cities and the Representative Legislature have the power to nullify regional laws by a simple majority vote.
The Representative Legislature is elected nationwide every five years through party-list proportional representation. Each region contributes a hundred representatives to the legislature. The City Ministers are elected through direct election in each city every five years. Any regional capital or city of over 150,000 residents gets a single representative for each 500,000 residents, rounded up. There are currently 52 City Ministers.
The Prime Minister of Tsiba carries executive power. They are able to exercise both a complete and an item veto, which can only be overruled by a three-fourths vote in both houses. They control military operations within the state and have the power to set foreign policy for Tsiba. The Ja-Prime Minister takes over the roles of the Prime Minister if they are killed or otherwise incapacitated. The Ja-Prime Minister can also break ties among the City Ministers and in the Representative Legislature, and is unofficially in charge of determining the legislative agenda for each year and ensuring that legislation is passed.
While Tsiba has allowed multiple political parties since 1993, the dominant party is the Shooda-Tsiba, Tsiba’s socialist party.
The Prime Minister is the leader of the party with a majority in the Representative Legislature and City Ministers combined. They are elected from within the dominant party and serve until their death, resignation, or the loss of their party’s majority. The Ja-Prime Minister is appointed by the Prime Minister and then either approved or denied by their party.
The judicial system, known as the Upitsu-matoo, is administered by the regional governors and legislatures. Judges usually serve ten year terms, although this can vary between regions. The highest court of Tsiba, the Uritsu-matoo-na'ivoo, is a group of eleven judges appointed by the Duchavoputsy. Judges must be approved by a margin of eighty percent in the Representative House and seventy-five percent among the City Ministers. The Upitsu-matoo-na’ivoo is solely dedicated to judging the legality of national legislation and holding trials for Tsiba’s politicians. Judges are appointed for life on the Upitsu-matoo-na’ivoo.