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| {{Infobox country | | {{Infobox constitution |
| |micronation = <!--yes if a micronation--> | | | document_name = Constitution of Libertas Omnium Maximus |
| |conventional_long_name = The Federal Republic of Libertas Omnium Maximus
| | | image = |
| |native_name = <!--Country's name (usually full name) in its native language, hence in italics (double quotemarks)--> | | | image_alt = |
| |common_name = Libertas Omnium Maximus | | | caption = |
| |status = <!--Status of country, especially useful for micronations--> | | | orig_lang_code = |
| |image_flag = [[File:LOMFlag2019.png|150px]] | | | title_orig = |
| |alt_flag = <!--alt text for flag (text shown when pointer hovers over flag)--> | | | jurisdiction = Federal |
| |flag_border = <!--set to no to disable border around the flag--> | | | subordinate_to = |
| |image_flag2 = <!--e.g. Second-flag of country.svg--> | | | date_created = |
| |alt_flag2 = <!--alt text for second flag--> | | | date_presented = July 20, 1840 |
| |flag2_border = <!--set to no to disable border around the flag--> | | | date_ratified = August 3, 1840 |
| |image_coat = [[File:unknown.png|90px]]
| | | date_effective = January 1, 1841 |
| |alt_coat = <!--alt text for coat of arms-->
| | | system = Constitutional Republic |
| |symbol_type = Seal | | | branches = 3 |
| |symbol_footnote = <!--optional reference or footnote for the symbol caption-->
| | | chambers = Bicameral, [[Maximusian Senate|Senatus Populous]] and [[Maximusian Senate|Senatus Terras]] |
| |national_motto = “Semper et deinceps, semper supra”
| | | executive = [[President of Libertas Omnium Maximus|President]] |
| |englishmotto = Ever Onward, Ever Upward | | | courts = High, appellate, district |
| |national_anthem = “We shall march” | | | federalism = Federation |
| |royal_anthem = <!--in inverted commas and wikilinked if link exists--> | | | electoral_college = Yes |
| |other_symbol_type = <!--Use if a further symbol exists, e.g. hymn--> | | | number_entrenchments = |
| |other_symbol = | | | date_legislature = January 18, 1841 |
| |image_map = [[File:Lommap2020E.png|200px]]
| | | date_first_executive = January 1, 1841 |
| |loctext = | | | date_first_court = |
| |alt_map = <!--alt text for map-->
| | | date_repealed = |
| |map_caption = The modern borders of Libertas Omnium Maximus (Pink)
| | | number_amendments = 12 |
| |image_map2 = <!--Another map, if required--> | | | date_last_amended = July 2, 1997 |
| |alt_map2 = <!--alt text for second map-->
| | | location_of_document = |
| |map_caption2 = <!--Caption to place below second map-->
| | | commissioned = |
| |capital = [[Litudinem]]
| | | writer = |
| |capital2 = <!--Name of country/territory's capital, wikilinked if link exists--> | | | signers = 26 (of 30 delegates present) |
| |coordinates = <!-- Coordinates for capital, using {{tl|coord}} -->
| | | media_type = |
| |largest_city = [[Iustitia City]] | | | supersedes =Charter of the Republic |
| |largest_settlement_type = <!--Type of settlement if largest settlement not a city--> | |
| |largest_settlement = | |
| |official_languages = Latin (written), English (spoken and written) | |
| |regional_languages = | |
| |languages_type = <!--Use to specify a further type of language, if not official, national or regional--> | |
| |languages = <!--Languages of the further type-->
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| |languages_sub = <!--Is this further type of language a sub-item of the previous non-sub type? ("yes" or "no")--> | |
| |languages2_type = English | |
| |languages2 = <!--Languages of this second further type-->
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| |languages2_sub = <!--Is the second alternative type of languages a sub-item of the previous non-sub type? ("yes" or "no")-->
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| |ethnic_groups = 83% White<br>8% Rén<br>4% Black<br>5% Other
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| |ethnic_groups_year = 2018
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| |religion = none at federal level
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| |demonym = Libertas Omnium Maximusian | |
| |government_type = Federal Presidential Constitutional Republic
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| |leader_title1 = President
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| |leader_name1 = Lucas Brown
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| |leader_title2 = Minister of State
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| |leader_name2 = Sean O'Brian
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| |leader_title3 = Chancellor
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| |leader_name3 = Edward Banks
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| |leader_title14 = <!--(up to 14 distinct leaders may be included)-->
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| |leader_name14 =
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| |legislature = Senate
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| |upper_house = Senatus Terras
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| |lower_house = Senatus Populus
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| |sovereignty_type = <!--Brief description of country/territory's status ("Independence [from...]", "Autonomous province [of...]", etc)-->
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| |sovereignty_note = | |
| |established_event1 = Independence Declaired | |
| |established_date1 = 1798 | |
| |established_event2 = Iustitian Provisional Government
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| |established_date2 = 1802
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| |established_event3 = Maximusian Republic
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| |established_date3 = 1837
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| |established_event13 = <!--(up to 13 distinct events may be included)-->
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| |established_date13 =
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| |area_rank =
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| |area_magnitude =
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| |area =
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| |area_km2 = 545,650
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| |area_sq_mi = <!--Area in square mi (requires area_km2)--> | |
| |area_footnote = <!--Optional footnote for area-->
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| |percent_water = 11.2
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| |area_label = Total
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| |area_label2 = <!--Label below area_label (optional)-->
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| |area_data2 = <!--Text after area_label2 (optional)-->
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| |population_estimate = 59.5 Million
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| |population_estimate_rank =
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| |population_estimate_year = 2018
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| |population_census =
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| |population_census_year =
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| |population_density_km2 = 109
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| |population_density_sq_mi =
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| |population_density_rank =
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| |nummembers = <!--An alternative to population for micronation-->
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| |GDP_PPP = 3.7 Trillion
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| |GDP_PPP_rank =
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| |GDP_PPP_year = 2018
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| |GDP_PPP_per_capita = 31,591
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| |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =
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| |GDP_nominal =
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| |GDP_nominal_rank =
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| |GDP_nominal_year =
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| |GDP_nominal_per_capita =
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| |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =
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| |Gini = <!--(Gini measure of income inequality; input number only; valid values are between 0 and 100)-->
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| |Gini_ref = <!--(for any ref/s to associate with Gini number)--> | |
| |Gini_rank = | |
| |Gini_year =
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| |HDI_year = 2018
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| |HDI = .86
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| |HDI_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady; rank change from previous year-->
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| |HDI_rank =
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| |HDI_ref = <!--(for any ref/s to associate with HDI number)-->
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| |currency = Maximusian Dollar ([[MD]])
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| |currency_code = <!--ISO 4217 code/s for currency/ies (each usually three capital letters)-->
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| |time_zone = [[Maximusian National Time]]
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| |utc_offset = -1
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| |time_zone_DST = <!--Link to DST (Daylight Saving Time) used, otherwise leave empty-->
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| |utc_offset_DST = <!--in the form "+N", where N is number of hours offset-->
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| |DST_note = <!--Optional note regarding DST use-->
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| |antipodes = <!--Place/s exactly on the opposite side of the world to country/territory-->
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| |date_format = (mm-dd-yyyy)
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| |drives_on = Right
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| |cctld = .lom
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| |iso3166code = <!--Use to override default from common_name parameter above; omit using "omit".-->
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| |calling_code = +917
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| |patron_saint = <!--Use patron_saints for multiple-->
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| |image_map3 = <!--Optional third map position, e.g. for use with reference to footnotes below it-->
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| |alt_map3 = <!--alt text for third map position-->
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| |footnote_a = <!--For any footnote <sup>a</sup> used above-->
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| |footnote_b = <!--For any footnote <sup>b</sup> used above-->
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| |footnote_h = <!--For any footnote <sup>h</sup> used above-->
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| |footnotes = <!--For any generic non-numbered footnotes-->
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| }} | | }} |
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| The Republic of '''Libertas Omnium Maximus''', commonly referred to by its acronym, '''L.O.M.''', is a sovereign member-state of the [[International Democratic Union]], having joined in July of 2017. It is comprised of 15 Provinces located in South-Eastern [[Hespia]]. Libertas Omnium Maximus is a Federal Presidential Constitutional Republic led by President [[Lucas Brown]]. | | The '''Constitution of Libertas Omnium Maximus''' is the [[wikipedia:supreme law|supreme law]] and foundational document of [[Libertas Omnium Maximus]]. Ratified on August 3, 1840,<ref>August 3 is celebrated every year as a national holiday, "Constitution Day."</ref> the Constitution frames the role of federal government in the nation. Following the defeat of [[Provisional Iustitian Government|Provisional Government]] forces in the spring of 1840 and the conclusion of the [[Iustitian Civil War]], a convention was called in Iustitia City to construct a new republican government for Iustita. The Constitution, along with its provisions and stipulations, was the result of this convention, officially constructing the new federal government on January 1, 1841. |
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| The nation itself was officially recognized as a sovereign entity in 1802 after four years of civil war with the former nation of [[Valahandia]]. It was briefly structured as an authoritarian oligarchy until a successful [[wikipedia:coup d'etat|coup d'état]], led by [[Michael Chaucer]], re-established the nation as a federal republic in 1837. This change of government was followed by a period of expansion and social change that would last for over half a century. During this period, which is known to historians as the “Maximusian Era of Expansion”, Libertas Omnium Maximus nearly quadrupled its size and increased its economic output significantly. A period of rapid industrialization following the expansion resulted in a major societal shift in Maximusian citizens towards urban living. The turn of the 20th century saw both a major population boom and a short-lived attempt by the Maximusian military to colonize several islands in the [[Promethean Sea]]. Although the attempts were largely unsuccessful, the Maximusian’s show of strength earned them the respect of many surrounding nations. Since the 1930s, Libertas Omnium Maximus has continually maintained its status as a world leader and economic powerhouse, proving its mettle during the [[Great War]].
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| Libertas Omnium Maximus is led by the guiding principles of freedom, equity, and the right to live free of fear. The nation only borders one officially recognized state, [[Laeral]], which lies directly to its north. Libertas Omnium Maximus is a fiscally conservative nation, in direct contrast to many surrounding nations, and grants its citizens extensive political freedoms. Notably, the right of the Maximusian people to peaceably assemble, bear arms, and speak critically of the government is enshrined in the [[Maximusian Constitution|nation’s constitution]]. Libertas Omnium Maximums is a highly developed nation that boasts a booming and diverse economy, producing both raw and fine goods. Additionally, It maintains a large military and is one of the few nations to possess a nuclear arsenal, albeit a limited one.
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| In 2017, Libertas Omnium Maximus appointed Daniel McRoy to be its first ambassador to the [[World Assembly]], having been admitted to the WA in the same year. The republic has maintained its World Assembly membership continuously since then, with its current Ambassador to the WA being [[George Schmidt]]. Libertas Omnium Maximus is a former member-state of the International Democratic Unions’ now-defunct [[International Affairs Committee]].
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| ==Etymology==
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| The name Libertas Omnium Maximus, pronounced, Li-bear-tas Om-nee-um Max-im-us, is a supposed nonsensical translation of "The Greatest Freedom, Unity" from Latin to English. The phrase was coined by revolutionaries in 1836 and, after Libertas Omnium Maximus's conversion to a democratic form of government in 1837, was made the official name of the fledgling nation. An alternate translation has the phrase meaning "Freed and United", implying the nation to be one of free but united people. While there has been a great deal of debate among historians as to which was the intended meaning of "Libertas Omnium Maximus", no real consensus has ever been reached.
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| The official term used to refer to citizens of Libertas Omnium Maximus is "Libertas Omnium Maximusian", however, this is regularly abbreviated to simply "Maximusian". The two possible demonyms are now used interchangeably, with the latter version even occasionally appearing on official documents. Mistakenly, some individuals may use the demonym "Libertian" to refer to citizens of Libertas Omnium Maximus, but this is not their proper demonym.
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| ==History== | | ==History== |
| ===Pre-History and Antiquity===
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| Archeological evidence suggests that humans first arrived in modern-day Libertas Omnium Maximus as early as 5th century B.C., likely migrating south from parts of north-eastern Hespia. For the most part these people were nomadic until around the 3rd century B.C., when settlements did begin to be created. Historians believe that it was at this time that the early inhabitants of Libertas Omnium Maximus began cultivating the land and domesticating livestock, namely goats and sheep.
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| The first inhabitants of Libertas Omnium Maximus do not appear to have been particularly skilled architects, living mostly in thatch huts, however, historians credit them with having had a very good understanding of physics, making use of simple machines extensively to move large objects.
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| [[File:Jug with scenic decoration, 8th century BC - 6th century BC, Ancient Cyprus, Neues Museum, Berlin (8169134205).jpg|150px|thumb|left|Jug dating back to around the 2nd century B.C., discovered in 1897 near modern-day Litudinem.]]
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| While there is no evidence that any form of large centralized government was established in any part of the territory now held by Libertas Omnium Maximus during this time, large tribes and small civilizations not only existed but were flouring by the 1st century B.C. Perhaps the most noteworthy of them were the [[Cruthesians]], residing in what is now the Lyn River basin. The Cruthesians are credited as one of the first civilizations to develop large scale irrigation systems in the region, making use of the basin's fertile soil. Cruthesia, as their civilization has come to be known, was plagued with civil unrest for nearly its entire existence, preventing any real centralized government from existing. By the 1st century A.D., Cruthesia split apart into two dozen smaller tribes.
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| It would take an additional two centuries of fierce fighting between the tribes before another real civilization would be formed. This came with the unification of seven tribes under one banner, forming the [[Atello]] civilization in 360 A.D. The Attelo civilization managed to bring a surprising amount of territory under its control by amassing a huge army. Historical evidence suggests that at one point nearly 90% of Atteloite males between the age of 16 and 25 were actively serving in the military. The Atteloites made use of forged weaponry (namely bronze) and were incredibly successful in their campaigns, ultimately annexing not just the entire Novetan Peninsula region but much of the Inferior Plains. Although it was militarily the strongest of any civilization in the region, Attelo began to crumble from within as a result of resource mismanagement which led to mass-starvation throughout the area.
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| The Atello civilization was ultimately crushed when its capital city, [[Nyvos]], was sacked and burned in 622 A.D. by Slivite forces. The Slivites began as a Crusthesian city-state that had developed into a full fledged civilization by this point. [[Slivites]] are recognized as being a socially advanced civilization for their time, enforcing a rigid hierarchy system and having a well structured government. With the acquisition of new territory, however, the Slivite social system underwent a massive shift. By the 750s the Slivite government had devolved into much smaller feudal states, drawn out civil wars and power struggles.
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| Historians mark 775 A.D. as being the official start of the region's [["quiet era"]]. It is called that not because there was any shortage of warfare and turmoil, but because there were very few events of significant historical consequence during this period, which would last until around 1250 A.D. There were very few technological advancements during this period as well. Instead, the quiet era is noteworthy for intense periods of conflict.
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| Perhaps the single most significant event of the quiet period occurred some time in the early fall of 1198 A.D. A large naval fleet hailing from [[Shen]] attempted to make landfall in what is today the [[Passarelle]] Province of Libertas Omnium Maximus. Historians agree that, at some point in early October of 1198, a massive hurricane pushed through the region and disabled the Shen fleet. This news traveled to some of the feudal states in the southern portion of the Lesser Plains, leading citizens to believe their land was divinely protected.
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| ===Early Colonial Era===
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| In the year 1347 A.D, King [[Cesan III]] of [[Valahandia]] dispatched a small fleet led by famed explorer, [[Eldred Feorer]], to circumnavigate the globe in hopes of finding a safe passage between Hespia and Catica. Unfortunately for the expedition, a storm in the [[Qiaodun Sea]] forced Foerer to lead his ships north, ultimately spotting the beaches of Iustitia, the largest island off the south coast of modern-day Libertas Omnium Maximus. [[File:Ferdinand Cortez.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Painting of Eldred Foerer (1658)]]Foerer explored the coast of Iustitia and determined that the land was uninhabited but had the natural resources to support permanent residents. After the storm subsided he returned to Valahandia and relayed this information to Cesan III, who was overjoyed by the find. Cesan III immediately ordered another expedition to survey the area. He ultimately decided that Iustitia should be established as a colony of Valahandia to be used as a middle point between the mainland of Valahandia and the many nations of Catica that traded with him.
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| Two groups of settlers were sent in 1365 and 1367, respectively, to establish foothold settlements on the island. Landing in 1366, the first group established the [[Iustitia Settlement]], located in the south-west of the island, while the second group, landing in 1268, established the smaller, Eoira Settlement on the southern tip of the island. The Eoira Settlement, however, did not survive the winter of 1370, with all of its inhabitants either dying of starvation or fleeing north to the Iustitia Settlement. In the same year, 450 new settlers arrived in Iustitia, bringing with them the manpower to establish the Iustitia Settlement as a permanent fixture.
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| Over the next 22 years, most of the focus in the region went into building up the Iustitia Settlement into a functioning port. This allowed the Valahandian government to have a middle point between their primary trade partner, Shen, and the mainland. However, various small scale expeditions were also conducted, successfully mapping most of the island of Iustitia and uncovering the mainland of modern-day Libertas Omnium Maximus.
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| [[File:NS-M-IC 1500s.png|thumb|left|200px|The extent of the Iustitian Colony's borders by the 1540s]]
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| It was also around this time (Historians debate whether the precise year was 1392 or 1393 as Valahandian record-keeping is notoriously bad) that the first encounter with natives occurred. It is stated that a small exploratory party landed their ship about three miles into the Lyn River delta, where they encountered four men on the beach who were wearing leather tunics what appeared to be rudimentary helmets, also made of leather. One of the oarsmen on the first small boat to go ashore would later write of the event:
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| {{Quote
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| |text="It was the oddest spectacle. There, on the beach, stood four well-armed men. They just stood there and watched our every movement. I didn't think about it then but this was probably the first time they had ever seen metal armor plating, which we were fully clad in."}}
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| The expedition leader, whose name has been lost to history but was of the Fylan family, famously cast down his spear upon disembarking the rowboat and shouted: "I come in peace and ask you to do the same." It would seem the natives, now known to be [[Cyntites]], a small civilization based only in the Lyn River delta area, were able to understand Fylan and took him to their village. Over the course of the next four years, the Valahandians and Cynites brokered a rudimentary non-aggression pact, with the Valahandians promising not to attack any Cynite settlements in exchange for the opportunity to freely explore the mainland without the fear of being attacked by the Cynites. Both parties would honor this pact until it's set expiration in 1450 A.D.
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| Later expeditions along the southern coast of modern-day Libertas Omnium Maximus would put Valahandian settlers in contact with at least 15 different small settlements. They made peace with all but one group, the Kestolians, who, in 1412, attacked an expeditionary landing party, killing most of the Valahandian explorers. The Valahandians, in response, sent a large armed group back to the location of the fight, ordering them to exterminate the Kestolians. This event would come to be known as the [[Kestolo Massacre]], seeing the death of over 120 natives. This would be the only armed altercation between the Valahandians and the natives for over 200 years.
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| ===Late Colonial Era===
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| By the 1450s almost all of the island of Iustitia had been settled and many of the colony's key ports were beginning to see international traffic. Several coastal settlements had been established on the mainland at this time, mostly serving as outposts for loggers and trappers. For the first time since its discovery, the colony was beginning to turn a profit. In less than 70 years the Iustitia colony, now known as "The Port of Iustitia", had developed into a full-fledged harbor town. It acted as a major checkpoint for most [[trans-promethean]] voyages and was quickly developing into one of the wealthiest settlements on the south coast of Hespia. At the same time, the Iustitia colony began exporting goods on a large scale. Primarily this took the form of lumber and sugar, with sugarcane growing exceptionally well in the fertile soil of Iustitia Island. This was accompanied by an influx of workers from the mainland of Valahandia, resulting in a massive population boom throughout the latter half of the 15th century.
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| [[File:Lisboa 1500-1510.jpg|200px|thumb|right|One of the earliest surviving paintings of the Iustitia City Port, 1537]]
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| By 1529 the Iustitia Colony was the wealthiest colony in Valahandian Empire. Major cities were beginning to pop up all around the island (with an increasing number of smaller settlements being founded on the mainland) and standards of living in Iustitia were better even then on the mainland. The Governor of Iustitia at the time, Lord Seamus O'Donnell, even went as far as to famously write that the Iustitia Colony was "paradise in this unforgiving world" in a letter to his fiancée.
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| Back in Valahandia, however, living conditions were beginning to degrade rapidly. By the 1540s, Valahandia was on the verge of bankruptcy after a series of costly and ill-advised wars fought over trade routes in the Olympic Sea. To add insult to injury, a smallpox epidemic broke out in 1547. This resulted in a second, much larger influx of Valahandian citizens to the Iustitia Colony, desperate to flee the cramped and diseased streets of the mainland. With the migrants came a thus far unprecedented number of craftsmen and skilled workers, leading to a brief golden age of technical innovation in the colony lasting from 1550 to 1580.
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| [[File:Sebastiaan Vrancx - Reitergefecht am Fuß eines Hügels.jpg|200px|thumb|left|The Battle of Adira, one of the largest engagements of the Bjeorgite War of Establishment]]
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| In 1581 a Maximusian expedition along the coastline of modern-day Libertas Omnium Maximus uncovered the narrow island know today as [[Bjeorg]]. Seeing as it's soil was relatively fertile, subsequent voyages were undergone to establish the island of Bjeorg as a separate Valahandian colony, resulting in the establishment of the [[Bjeorg Colony]]. This colony would only last until 1614 when the residents of Bjeorg, seeking more economic independence from the mainland, declared themselves independent from Valahandia and established the [[Bjeorgite Republic]]. Desperate to maintain what remained of their crumbling empire, the Valahandians launched a Iustitia-based assault on the territory in the summer of 1615, beginning the six-year war that would come to be known as the [[Bjeorgite War of Establishment]]. This was the first large-scale offensive involving Iustitian Colonists. After the Valahandian forces were repelled by the Bjeorgites in 1617, Valahandian forces, fearing a similar event in Iustitia, tripled their military presence in the Iustitia Colony.
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| By the late 1600s, the Valahandian mainland has been reduced to an eighth of its peak size by countless revolts and foreign invasion. The once sprawling empire held only one remaining holding, the Iustitia Colony, having lost all of their holdings in the western hemisphere as a result of the [[Treaty of Ralston]]. Nearing collapse, the Kingdom of Valahandia withdrew all but a single garrison of troops from the Iustitia Colony in order to better secure the mainland.
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| Facing an acute shortage of capable commanders on the mainland, King Coscrach IV, monarch of Valahandia, recalled the governor of Iustitia, a retired Major-General, from the colony. Coscrach appointed a new but far less capable governor to take his place in 1721. The governor, who was of the family Dalenhall, made a number of extremely public blunders that earned him a very poor reputation amongst the colonists. A group of Iustitian citizens petitioned Cosrach to have Dalenhall replaced in 1726, infuriating the governor. Dalenhall, fearing he would shortly be removed from power, called in the colony’s garrison of regulars to hunt down and arrest all petitioners for treason. In response, a resistance group was organized by the petitioning individuals, comprised of primarily untrained citizens. The armed partisans were quickly overwhelmed by the highly trained regulars, leading to a total lockdown of Iustitia City and the surrounding area.
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| The military lockdown lasted until June of 1727, at which time the Valahandian government could no longer justify the exorbitant costs associated with garrisoning an entire division of soldiers in the city and recalled them. Dalenhall was subsequently removed from power in 1728 and replaced by Robert Au Brien, the former Iustitia City Mayor, as Governor of the Iustitia Colony.
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| Au Brien, who recognized that the Valahandian Empire was on the verge of collapse, began discretely severing some of the colony's more obvious ties to the mainland and created a local militia. Though he would not live to see the fruit of his labor, dying under mysterious circumstances in 1741, historians credit Au Brien with laying the groundwork that would eventually produce a revolution.
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| ===Era of Independence===
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| For a half-century, the Iustitian-Valahandian relationship continued to deteriorate, with the Kingdom gradually losing hold of its most prized colony. In 1797, after tensions had been building for well over half a century, a contingent of Iustitian-based lesser nobility established a committee in [[Vereggio]] to formally break ties with the Kingdom of Valahandia. In December of 1797, the committee, led by Lord [[Ross Ashley]], drafted and put into circulation a document formally severing political ties with Valahandia and establishing the proper Kingdom of Iustitia, which would have dominion over the eponymous island and all surrounding coastal territory (namely, Passarelle). Enraged, Valhandia, which was ruled by Marane III, deployed upwards of 12,000 soldiers to the colony in January of 1798.
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| [[Iustitian War of Independence|The army made landfall]] in late February and, aided by Valhandian loyalists, successfully captured the island of Iustitia within a month. Ashley and his compatriots retreated across the Ilien Strait and began reorganizing their forces. Meanwhile, Valahandian forces continued to fortify their positions and hunkered down for the winter. By June, Ashley had been removed from his position at the head of all Iustitian forces, which consisted primarily of untrained volunteers, and was replaced by a Council of War. The island of Iustitia eventually fell, forcing a retreat of Valhandian forces. The Kindom attempted several additional invasions over the following three years, though none were successful.
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| In 1802, having nearly decimated their army, the Kingdom of Valhandia officially recognized the Iustitia's independence and withdrew all forces from the continent, falling into internal turmoil shortly thereafter. The Council of War established itself as the legitimate government of Iustitia, minting currency and collecting taxes by early 1803. The Council, which was now serving as the government's central command, also began clamping down on the free press, which they viewed as being harmful to public safety.
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| ===Era of Revolution===
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| The Provisional Iustitian Government, as it came to be known, proved to be both ineffectual and inefficient. Its efforts to disarm and silence the general populace were met with fierce resistance and culminated in the [[Iustitian Civil War]], a popular uprising inspired by the publications of Micheal Chaucer, a Iustitian printer. The revolution, which lasted from 1837 to 1839, forever annihilated the provisional government and re-established the nation under the name "Libertas Omnium Maximus", a representational democracy. A formal Constitution of Libertas Omnium Maximus was drafted in 1840, establishing a federal bicameral legislature and presidency. In the same year, Chaucer was formally elected the nation's first president, though he had been leading the nation for over a year as its de facto head of state. In addition to the change in name and political structure, Libertas Omnium Maximus' capital was moved to Litudinem, a relatively small city on the Maximusian coast. A presidential manor was erected in 1845, moving all state affairs to the small city.
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| In accordance with the Maximusian Constitution, the fledgling nation was subdivided into six semi-autonymous [[Provinces of Libertas Omnium Maximus|provinces]], each with its own legislature, in 1846. All territory north of these provinces, which were sparsely populated, fell under the direct jurisdiction of the federal Maximusian government. In the same year, a Maximusian navy was established, though it was extremely limited in size.
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| ===Era of Expansion===
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| Within a few years of the nation's reestablishment, settlers began pushing north into modern-day [[Bressle]] and [[Cambria]], constructing numerous homesteads and farms.
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| ===Democratic Era===
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| Very few Iustitians were approved of '''The Wisdom''' from the start, and more and more citizens began to resent The Wisdom when they declared themselves to be “supreme descendants of God.” However, The Wisdom continued to rule Iustitia until May 10, 1836, when a mob of revolutionaries stormed [[The Wisdom’s palace]] and killed four of the elders. The leader of the coup, [[Michael Chaucer]] declared himself “president” and attempted to establish a democratic government immediately after.
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| Some of The Wisdom’s supporters attempted to retake the palace on two occasions that year however both were unsuccessful. On September 7th, 1837, after months of civil war, Chaucer was democraticly elected by a popular vote of the people to be Iustitia’s first president. The revolutionaries had taken the day and while likely in a euphoric (and reportedly intoxicated) state they burned the palace to the ground. Historians see the burning of the Palace as being one of the most symbolically significant acts in Maximusian History.
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| On September 17, 1837, the name Iustitia was removed from all official plaques, ledgers, documents, pamphlets, books, and anything else Chaucer’s compatriots could get their hands on. The nation was officially renamed Libertas Omnium Maximus and the Capital was moved to the small but quaint city of Litudinem, which was situated on the Lyn river. The old Iustitian Government was no more.
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| ===Modern Era===
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| From roughly 1870-1962 Libertas Omnium Maximus went through what is often regarded as the nation's '''Golden Age'''. Over this 92 year period, Libertas Omnium Maximus grew and thrived as a nation. It's economy boomed to the gargantuan size that it is today. Huge strides in science were also made in this era. While famous chemists such as [[Pierre León]] and [[Paul Wilkins]] where developing their theories of how the universe functioned, engineers like [[Alfred Köln]] and [[Robert S. Fitzgerald]] were building combustion engines and developing motorcars. Crime rates were also particularly low during this period due to a low unemployment rate and relatively low poverty levels. This "Golden Age" came to a crashing halt in 1962 when rampant inflation and overvalued properties caused a market crash. It took until the late 1980's before this depression was overcome and the nation could rebound to Powerhouse nation that it is today.
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| ==Geography==
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| Libertas Omnium is Spread out over three distinct land masses. The nation totals 545,650,000 sq km in size.
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| [[File:LOM BasicMap.png|thumb|left|150px|Red is Maximusian territory.]]The largest and furthest north landmass in Libertas Omnium Maximus is the mainland. It sits in the lower half of the [[Saxa Peninsula]]. The mainland shares the peninsula with Conternia. It is bordered on the south partially by the [[Strait of St. Peter]] and partially by the [[Chaucer Sea]]. To the west is the [[Feorer Bay]]. To its south sits [[Sentinel]] and [[Iustitia]].
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| Directly to the mainland's south sits Iustitia. Iustitia is situated in the northern part of Agrimai Ocean and is an oval shaped island. To the islands west is the [[Duncan Sea]]. To its north lies the [[Tithæ Passage]].
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| To Iustitia's east lies Sentinel, a slightly larger and more oblong island. To Sentinel's north is the [[Illnot Strait]]. To the island's west is the Duncan Sea. To Sentinel's south is the Agrimai Ocean. East of the island is Feorer Bay.
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| ===Topography===
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| The Island of Iustitia has relatively rugged terrain. The Island has a maximum elevation of 9,011 feet and an average height of 300 feet above sea level. The Island of Sentinel is comprised heavily of cliff faces, many reaching over 4,000 feet above sea level. [[File:Mt.Seneili.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Mt. Seneili rising above the Ilnott Strait]]The mainland of Libertas Omnium Maximus has a much milder terrain. It is relatively flat with some small hills in the East and North and the Canis Mountains in the North-East. There is also some swamp-land in the south. The tallest mountain in Libertas Omnium Maximus is Mt. Seńieli in Sentinel. It stands 14,682 feet above sea level.
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| ===Climate===
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| Libertas Omnium Maximus has a temperate, costal climate. All regions of The Libertas Omnium Maximus experience four distinct seasons. The spring and fall lasts slightly less time than the winter and summertime. The Mainland of LOM experiences slightly more moderate temperatures than the two islands. This is due to the fact that the breezes and intense winds produced by the ocean do not often reach The dense forests of the Mainland.
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| The two Islands experience much less rain than the Mainland. With this said, all of Libertas Omnium Maximus experiences a few months in the winter where they receive high levels of precipitation. This usually comes in the form of snow or hail for the Mainland and light rain for the islands.
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| ===Biodiversity===
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| Due to its relatively large size, Libertas Omnium Maximus is filled with numerous species of flora and fauna. The many rivers, brooks, and streams of the mainland are populated by salmon, minows, trout, bass, and many species of fresh water fish. The anomalously colder temperature of these rivers however, prohibits the existence of many tropical fish or plants.[[File:Acciughe 2.jpg|200px|thumb|left| A shoal of anchovy]]
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| In the sea, hake, sole, tuna, anchovy, [[Whalefish]], and several species of shark, among many other species of fish, can be found.
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| The Mainland of LOM is heavily populated by coniferous forests in the southern and far-eastern regions. These eventually meld into evergreen forests in the northern regions. With expansive stretches of forest an astoundingly large number of creatures have room to thrive. [[File:Columbian white-tailed deer Tenasillahe Island.jpg|200px|thumb|right|A White Tail Deer, perhaps the most prolific large mammal in Libertas Omnium Maximus]]The forests of LOM provide habitat for squirrels, rabbits, bobcats, wolves, Brown Bears, deer and beavers.
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| On the Western Border of LOM, up in the northern regions, Ibex, Black Bear, and Mountain Lions can also be found
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| The two Islands, due to their rugged composition, are home to more small species of creature including all manner of birds, rodents. The Islands are known for their pristine beaches.
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| ==Politics==
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| ===Law and Order===
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| Libertas Omnium Maximus has a cutting edge legal system. Currently, if a Maximusian Citizen is found guilty of committing a crime they will be fined or jailed according to the severity of their crime.This could be anywhere between $25 (1st offense speeding) and a Life sentence. With that said, an accused individual should hire a lawyer to represent them before a jury of their peers. [[File:Legislative Building.jpg|thumb|left|The Maximusian High Court]]The lawyer will attempt to defend their case. It is the job of a state prosecutor to prove the defendant's guilt therefore the Lawyer representing an accused does not need to prove their client's innocence. However, in the event that the jury does find an individual to be guilty, the Judge presiding over the case will determine the punishment.
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| Any individual may appeal their case to a higher court. There are currently 3 levels of court, the County Court (The county where one lives), a Province Appellate Court (the province where one lives), and, finally, the [[High Court]], based in Litudinem. All High Court decisions are final and are made by a group of 7 Judges, called "Justices". Although it is perfectly valid for an individual to appeal their case, all higher courts may choose not to hear the case.
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| The death penalty was outright banned in 2014 by the Maximusian Federal Legislature, and had been individually banned by every province since 2003. Corporal Punishment has not yet been baned by the Maximusian Legislature. With this said, every county in Libertas Omnium Maximus has made the punishment illegal, therfore, it is no longer in use. The only exclusion to this fact is for those convicted of treason. They are usually shot or hanged until dead.
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| Private Prisons are prolific in Libertas Omnium Maximus but must adhere to strict regulation regarding the treatment of prisoners. Approximately 21.3% of inmates in 2018 were held in a private prison.
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| ===Government===
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| The Libertas Omnium Maximus Government is devided into two distinct sections: The Fedral Government, and the Provincial Government. There are 15 Maximusian Provinces, each with their own provincial government. The provincial governments are in charge of raising taxes to support their own fire department, EMT service, and police force. The provincial governments are also charged with upholding justice in their province. The last duty of the provincial government is to make laws that will effect only their province. Those laws may directly appose that of the federal government. This gives the provincial governors, who are directly elected by their province, a large amount of power.
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| The Fedral Government is split into two sections, the Executive and Legislative branches. The Legislative Branch is bi-cameral, being split up into an upper and lower house, respectively, The Vox Regionum and the Vox Populi. The Vox Regionum is made up of 2 Delegates from each province. They are all directly elected by their respective provinces and serve 4 year terms. The Vox Populi consists of a certain number of Congressmen for each Province based on population, they are elected for 4 year terms. Both houses meet once per month (usually on the 29th) to ratify legislation which can be proposed any time by any Congressperson. Congress may meet behind closed doors to create a declaration of war or to create a new tax bill, however, they may open their doors to the public if they choose or are ordered to do so by the president. Congress’s main function is to collect Fedral income taxes, make declarations of war, ratify legislation, and, if nesssary, vote to impeach the president.
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| The Executive branch, which consists of the president, his/her cabinet, and his/her advisors, are in charge of commanding the military of Libertas Omnium Maximus, signing off on legislation, which is required before it can pass and become a law, and serving as the nation’s figurehead. The branch is led, unsurprisingly, by the president, who essentially performs almost every duty of the executive branch to a degree. His advisors are essentially there for advice and support. The president is elected once every 4 years by an electoral college that is directly influenced by a popular vote. The president may serve as many terms as he/she can. In addition, the president may choose his own cabinet and advisors.
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| ===Foreign Relations and Military===
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| Libertas Omnium Maximus has a relatively large military that consists of ground forces, a navy, a marine corps, a coast guard, and a small peacekeeping corps. [[File:Polish Army Parade 2015 (20588823784).jpg|300px|thumb|left|Army Ranger Units on Parade]]This military however, rarely sees action due to the fact that Libertas Omnium Maximus has formed good relationships with most nations of the IDU, World Assembly, and the rest of the world. On top of this, LOM is a relatively Pacifist nation that rarely instigates conflict.With this said, LOM’s armed forces were recently deployed in [[Lauchenoiria]], along with many other IDU forces in the [[Second Lauchenoirian Civil War]], which began when numerous outside forces attempted to put an end to [[Suleman Chaher]]’s controversial coup d’etat and reinstate a Democratic government or oppose them. A total of approximately 5,300 Maximusian ground soldiers were deployed in Lauchenoiria throughout the duration of the campaign.
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| The conduct of one battalion, the 16th Army Battalion, in said conflict, was found by the [[Truth and Reconciliation Committee]] to have used overly aggressive tactics which endangered the lives of civilians during the [[2nd Battle of Carville]]. An internal investigation is underway and Libertas Omnium Maximus has been required by the committee to pay the sum of 150,000,000 Sanctarian pounds to the Lauchenoirian government as reparation.
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| The Maximusian Government has diplomats in most international organizations. These include the International Democratic Union States Assembly, the World Assembly, and, formerly, the International Affairs Committee.
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| ==Economy==
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| ===Trade and Energy===
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| The Maximusian Economy is incredibly strong and relatively diverse. The economy is lead by the logging industry and fishing industry. Along with these, the textile and mining industries make up most of Libertas Omnium Maximus’s GDP. The farming of livestock, manufacturing of arms, furniture, and mechanical parts, make up effectively the rest of the economy’s output.
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| The Nation is powered by a great variety of sources including fossil fuels, along with nuclear power plants, solar energy, and wind farms. Nuclear power plants are the most common source of energy in Libertas Omnium Maximus. They make up nearly 72% of LOM’s energy production and, unlike in many other nations, there has yet to be a nuclear catastrophe in Libertas Omnium Maximus.
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| ===Transportation===
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| [[File:A modern metro train in Colombia station of Madrid metro - July 2002.jpg|250px|thumb|right|High speed trains can be found throughout Libertas Omnium Maximus]]Most citizens of Libertas Omnium Maximus live in rural areas where public transit would be impractical to implement if not impossible.Those citizens generally drive cars as their transportation. The cities however, have both bus and subway systems in place to efficiently and economically move the masses. There are also multiple railway lines and airports that allow for traveling long distances over the rural areas of Libertas Omnium Maximusand to other parts of the [[IDU]].
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| ==Demographics==
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| Libertas Omnium Maximus is a fairly diverse nation with many ethnicities represented. The predominant race (of which there are two distinguised ethnicities) present in LOM is Caucasian. Caucasians account for approximately 74.5% of the population. The two ethnicities that stem from Caucasian are Patria-Caucasian and Forus-Caucasian. Orientals make up 15% of the national population. Tenebris (Blacks), make up 3.5%. The remainder of the population is comprised of either smaller ethnic groups or mixed race individuals (2016 Census).
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| As of the 2018 census, 59.5 million people are residents of Libertas Omnium Maximus. At an average of 109 citizens per square kilometer, Libertas Omnium Maximus falls roughly in the middle of the spectrum for population density.
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| ===Healthcare===
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| Public health insurance is minimal but effective in Libertas Omnium Maximus. The government runs several affordable healthcare services which cover those whose income bracket qualifies them. However, most healthcare is provided by the private sector, which does receive some government subsidization. Maternity leave lasts a minimum of two weeks, legally. The average Maximusian lives to be 82 for newborn girls and 80 for newborn boys. Most Maximusians live healthy lives and birth rate is relatively high. This guarantees a steady population growth in the future.
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| ===Education===
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| In Libertas Omnium Maximus, all citizens are required to go through 12 years of schooling. This schooling is provided by the taxpayers of LOM. All public schools are free to attend and adhere to universal teaching methods. After primary school, citizens may opt to go to privately funded colleges to receive an advanced degree and may move from there to specialist education academies such as a law or medical school.
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| ===Religion===
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| Although 87.8% of Maximusians are [[wikipedia:Christianity|Christian]], no religion is mandatory for citizens in Libertas Omnium Maxiumus. In fact, religious freedom is guaranteed by the [[Maximusian Constitution]]. The church is also kept completely separate from the government. With this said, Christian ideology has sunk into the government to the deepest level. It is customary that a prayer to God for guidance be made before Congress begins any session. Christmas is a national Holiday.
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| Most Maximusians (61%) are a specific sect of Christianity know as [[Iustitia Protestant Church|Iustitian Protestantism]]. They hold that one God created all that is known and unknown and that Salvation from their sins can only be achieved by devotion to God through the scriptures. They hold that God made the world sinless in the beginning.
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| An approximate religious breakdown (2017 Census Bureau) has 84.5% of the population of Libertas Omnium Maximus practicing some form of Christianity (excluding Unitarian Universalism), 5.5% practicing a form of [[Minjian Faith]], 2.75% practicing some form of Unitarian Universalism, 2.25% practicing a form of tribal religion, 3% other, and 2% atheist or agnostic (The census made no distinction).
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| As a general rule the further west in Libertas Omnium Maximus one goes, the more religious the people they will encounter will be. Rural areas are also more likely to have more religious individuals than urban areas.
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| ==Culture==
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| ===Society===
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| Maximusians are, for the most part, deeply religious people and, as such, hold fairly conservative ideals relative to the region.
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| ====Abortion====
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| Abortion is illegal in all forms except for when the mother's life is directly threatened by the pregnancy or in cases or incest. In some specific cases women may be eligible to receive government funds for child care in situations of rape.
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| ====Homosexuality====
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| Homosexual acts are not illegal in LOM (since 2006) but are generally frowned upon by society. Homosexual marriage was legalized in 2014 following the [[Lana vs Iustitia Province]] case. It is currently illegal to discriminate someone for their sexual preference. Transgenderism is not recognized as a sexual preference and does not even legally exist in Libertas Omnium Maximus. An individual may not change the gender they were born with.
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| ====Drug Usage====
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| Recreational Drug use is strictly prohibited on the federal level. This has resulted in higher levels of illegal drug usage in many inner-cities but has been fairly successful at keeping drugs out of rural areas.
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| ====Firearms====
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| Although gun ownership is considered a fundamental right of the Maximusian people, Federal and provincial governments reserve the ability to regulate the sale and ownership of firearms. As a result of the [[1999 Firearms Act]], ownership of select-fire and automatic rifles is extremely restricted, though not prohibited. Shotguns and other destructive devices that do not "serve a legitimate sporting purpose" (such as grenade launchers) are also subject to strict regulation. There is no existing national registry of firearms in Libertas Omnium Maximus, but it is believed that the citizen-to-firearm ratio is approximately 1:1.12, making the nation one of the most well-armed in the IDU.
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| ===Language===
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| [[File:LOMLang brkdwn.png|thumb|left|150px|Most common 2nd language breakdown by region. Blue as Modified Latin, Green as Spanish, Orange as German, Red as French, Yellow as Swedish]]The primary spoken language of Libertas Omnium Maximus is English. Latin, the language in which all official contracts and bills are written in, is a required language to learn. All citizens must be able to read and write it. As a result, it is taught early on in primary school. French, German, and Spanish are also very prevalent in various regions of Libertas Omnium Maximus. French being heavily prevalent in the north and Spanish in the east.
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| ===Recreation and Entertainment===
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| In their leisure time, Maximusians have ample opportunity to enjoy themselves. Parks are all but omni-present in most Maximusian cities, offering residents a quick escape from the hassle of their work. Many individual townships may also have public pools and tennis courts for citizen's use. For longer excursions, ski resorts are very popular. Libertas Omnium Maximus also has more than enough forested and rugged terrain to offer an enjoyable hike or camping trip for all skill levels. The beaches in the south are world renowned for their beauty and attract people from all over the globe. Libertas Omnium Maximus also has a vibrant entertainment industry, producing hundreds of movies and TV shows a year. Live theaters and Cinemas are common fixtures in all cities and even the smallest towns.
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| ===Literature===
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| Libertas Omnium Maximus has produced some of the best writers of all time. LOM's first universally recognized author, [[James Denver]], was known for his brilliant satirical fiction and introspective pieces. His close friend, [[Janet Laurie]], was also a celebrated author in her own right. She was one of the first women to gain national recognition for comedic pieces. Many of her comedies have been converted to plays and are regularly performed. They both wrote in the late 19th century. By the early 20th century a literary boom was taking place. Some of the best writing in the IDU was produced in this time by the Maximusians.
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| ===Food===
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| Traditional Maximusian food is seafood based but all other manner of food is readily available. Maximusians usually eat a large breakfast consisting of eggs, fish, and oatmeal. This is one of their staple dishes. For lunch a light soup and charcuterie plate is consumed. Dinner traditionally consists of a fillet of fish, mixed vegetables, and a starch. Pork and Chicken are also often consumed. Cattle isn't prolific in Libertas Omnium Maximus and, as such, beef is quite expensive. Olives grow exceedingly well in Libertas Omnium Maximus and can be found in most Maximusian dishes.
| | == Content == |
| | The Maximusian Constitution is divided into four sections, the first outlining the role of federal government in the new republic, the second formally incorporating the original six [[Provinces of Libertas Omnium Maximus|federal provinces]] into the federation and establishing the formal procedure for incorporating new territories as provinces, the third establishing a number of standardizations to be observed by all provinces and federal entities, and the fourth entrenching certain "fundamental rights of man," including an assurance of universal male suffrage,<ref>Voting rights would not be formally granted to women on the federal level until 1926, nearly a century later.</ref> a guarantee of free speech, religious exercise, an individual right to bear arms, and just treatment under the rule of law. The fourth section of the Maximusian Constitution also disestablished the dysfunctional and piecemeal peerage system which existed under the Iustitian Republic as a lingering vestige of [[Valahandia|Valahandian]] colonial rule. |
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| | The Maximusian Constitution is written in Latin, ostensibly in order to preserve the intent of the original authors' words through the passage of time. By custom, all official legislation passed into law by the [[Senate of Libertas Omnium Maximus|Senate]] has followed the tradition established by the Constitution, being transcribed into Latin after voting has concluded, though an increasing number of politicians have expressed their distaste for this practice, finding it clunky and ineffective. |
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| | ==Influences== |
| | ==Amendments== |
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| [[Category:Countries]]
| | == Notes == |
| [[Category:Governments]]
| | <references /> |
| [[Category: Libertas Omnium Maximus]] | | [[category:Libertas Omnium Maximus]] |
